Young v. Heimgartner

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NOT DESIGNATED FOR PUBLICATION

No. 115,963

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF KANSAS

DONALD YOUNG,
Appellant,

v.

JAMES HEIMGARTNER,
Appellee.

MEMORANDUM OPINION


Appeal from Butler District Court; JOHN E. SANDERS, judge. Opinion filed February 10, 2017.
Affirmed.

Donald C. Young, appellant pro se.

Fred W. Phelps, Jr., of Kansas Department of Corrections, for appellee.

Before ARNOLD-BURGER, C.J., PIERRON and MALONE, JJ.

Per Curiam: Donald Young received a disciplinary report at El Dorado
Correctional Facility (EDCF) for committing a lewd act, a violation of K.A.R. 44-12-315.
After a hearing, the hearing officer found Young guilty. Young filed a K.S.A. 60-1501
petition challenging the conviction. The district court summarily dismissed his petition.
Young appeals, arguing he did not receive an impartial hearing or an adequate statement
of the hearing officer's findings, and there was not sufficient evidence to support his
conviction.

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On October 1, 2015, Young received a written disciplinary report at EDCF for a
lewd act, a violation of K.A.R. 44-12-315. According to the report, Officer Englebrecht
saw Young standing on a desk in his cell masturbating as she was taking another inmate
to his cell. A short time later, she brought another inmate up to his cell and saw Young
doing the same thing. A signature on the report indicated someone had served the report
to Young, but there was no signature indicating he had received it. A note in the report
said someone served Young with the report, but he refused to sign it. A not guilty plea
was entered on his behalf.

Young's disciplinary hearing took place on October 6 and 7, 2015. Young testified
he was talking to another inmate through the vent when he jumped down and saw Officer
Englebrecht taking an inmate to another cell. He also saw Officer Alman in the control
area, and pressed a button to get his attention. Young saw Officer Englebrecht come by
again. He later talked to Officer Alman who, according to Young, told him to call him as
a witness because he knew Young had not been masturbating.

At the hearing, Young questioned Officer Englebrecht. She said that the first time
she saw Young she was standing at cell 209, and the second time she was standing at cell
211. She also said that Young's genitals were exposed and he was masturbating. The
hearing was continued to allow Officer Alman to testify.

The next day, Young questioned Officer Alman. Officer Alman said he was
working control on the day of the incident. He did not have a clear view into Young's cell
and would not have been able to see if Young was standing on his desk. Officer Alman
said he would be able to see Young if he was standing at the door to his cell.

The hearing officer, Lieutenant McGuire, also questioned Officer Alman. Officer
Alman told the hearing officer that he could not have seen Young if Young was
masturbating. He also said it was possible Young could have been masturbating. Officer
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Englebrecht was sworn in again. She testified she was at cells 209 and 211, and the light
was on at the time.

Lieutenant McGuire found Young guilty of a lewd act. He imposed a sanction of
30 days in disciplinary segregation and a $15 fine. In a space labeled "reason for
sanctions," McGuire wrote "sentencing guidelines." The warden approved McGuire's
decision.

Young filed an appeal with the Kansas Department of Corrections, but the
Secretary approved the hearing officer's decision. On December 7, 2015, Young filed a
petition pursuant to K.S.A. 60-1501 in district court. He alleged Lieutenant McGuire
failed to provide an impartial hearing because he ignored exculpatory evidence and
misrepresented Officer Alman's testimony. He also alleged Lieutenant McGuire did not
provide him with an adequate written statement of the factual findings supporting the
disciplinary action.

The district court summarily dismissed Young's K.S.A. 60-1501 petition. The
court checked a box on the form order that stated: "Disciplinary segregation, in itself does
not implicate constitutional rights. The Court sees no violation of protected liberty
interests. There is nothing atypical about petitioner's confinement." Next to that, the court
handwrote: "Some evidence supports conviction. Court will not reweigh evidence or
assess veracity of witnesses. Evidence of R/O was assessed by hearing officer. Court will
not second guess HO."

Young filed a motion to reconsider on March 16, 2016. He also filed a motion
requesting Judge Sanders recuse himself. Young alleged that Judge Sanders had family
members who worked for the EDCF, and this caused him to be biased. The district court
denied Young's motion to recuse, noting "[Young's] claim that judge has family working
for KDOC is false." The court denied Young's motion to reconsider. Young appeals.
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Young argues the district court erred in dismissing his petition for failure to state a
claim. He contends he did not receive an impartial hearing because Lieutenant McGuire
misrepresented the testimony of Officer Alman and ignored exculpatory evidence. He
also asserts Lieutenant McGuire did not provide an adequate written statement of his
findings.

The State argues the district court did not err because the face of Young's petition
established he was not entitled to relief. According to the State, Young's hearing was
impartial, and his accusations of bias are self-serving. Furthermore, while Lieutenant
McGuire's written findings were not extensive, they were sufficient for due process
purposes.

To state a claim for relief under K.S.A. 60-1501, a petition must allege "shocking
and intolerable conduct or continuing mistreatment of a constitutional stature." Johnson
v. State, 289 Kan. 642, 648, 215 P.3d 575 (2009). "[I]f, on the face of the petition, it can
be established that petitioner is not entitled to relief, or if, from undisputed facts, or from
incontrovertible facts, such as those recited in a court record, it appears, as a matter of
law, no cause for granting a writ exists," then summary dismissal is proper. 289 Kan. at
648-49; see K.S.A. 2015 Supp. 60-1503(a). An appellate court exercises unlimited review
of a summary dismissal. 289 Kan. at 649. "In reviewing a trial court's order dismissing a
petition for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted, an appellate court is
required to accept the facts alleged by the plaintiff as true." Washington v. Roberts, 37
Kan. App. 2d 237, 240, 152 P.3d 660 (2007).

In analyzing whether the State has denied a petitioner due process in a disciplinary
hearing, the court applies a two-step analysis. "First, the court must determine whether
the State has deprived the petitioner of life, liberty, or property. If so, the court next
determines the extent and the nature of the process due." Johnson, 289 Kan. 642, Syl. ¶ 3.
"The question of whether an individual's constitutional rights have been violated is a
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question of law over which an appellate court exercises unlimited review." 289 Kan. 642,
Syl. ¶ 3.

In its order summarily dismissing Young's petition, the district court noted that
"[d]isciplinary segregation, in itself does not implicate constitutional rights," and it
"[saw] no violation of protected liberty interests." The district court is correct that there is
no liberty interest in disciplinary segregation. Anderson v. McKune, 23 Kan. App. 2d 803,
807, 937 P.2d 16, cert. denied 522 U.S. 958 (1997). Young, however, also had to pay a
$15 fine. Monetary fines, even small ones, constitute a property interest sufficient to
implicate procedural due process. Stano v. Pryor, 52 Kan. App. 2d 679, 682, 372 P.3d
427 (2016).

Moving to the second part of the analysis, our Supreme Court has recognized that
the full array of rights due a defendant in criminal proceedings does not apply in prison
disciplinary proceedings. Hogue v. Bruce, 279 Kan. 848, 851, 113 P.3d 234 (2005)
(citing Wolff v. McDonnell, 418 U.S. 539, 94 S. Ct. 2963, 41 L. Ed. 2d 935 [1974]).
Inmates do have some rights in disciplinary hearings, however, including: "an impartial
hearing, a written notice of the charges to enable inmates to prepare a defense, a written
statement of the findings by the factfinders as to the evidence and the reasons for the
decision, and the opportunity to call witnesses and present documentary evidence." In re
Pierpont, 271 Kan. 620, 627, 24 P.3d 128 (2001).

Young first argues that Lieutenant McGuire did not provide an impartial hearing.
In support of his argument, he claims Lieutenant McGuire misrepresented Officer
Alman's testimony in the disciplinary report. According to Young, Officer Alman
testified Young was ringing into control and coming to his door at the same time Officer
Englebrecht was standing at cells 209 and 211. McGuire did not include this in the
recorded testimony. McGuire then asked if Officer Alman would have been able to see
Young if Young was masturbating. Young claims Officer Alman responded he could not,
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but he knew Young was not masturbating because he saw him standing at his door. This
statement is not in the recorded testimony. Young also claims McGuire added that
Officer Alman had said Young could have been masturbating.

Young also asserts that McGuire ignored exculpatory evidence. According to
Young, McGuire walked from cell 211 to cell 209 while Young stood on his desk in
order to determine if he could see Young from those vantage points. Young claims
McGuire agreed that he could not see Young in his cell. McGuire found Young guilty
anyway, though, based on Englebrecht's testimony. This information was not included in
the report.

The State argues that Young has presented nothing more than "his own self-
serving assessment of the hearing," and is not entitled to relief. The State notes that the
hearing record indicates "a detailed hearing was conducted, with several witnesses,
considerable testimony, cross-examinations and conclusions reached." The State is
correct that Young, Officer Englebrecht, and Officer Alman all testified at the hearing
and that Young was able to cross-examine Officer Englebrecht. The hearing was also
continued in order to allow Officer Alman to testify.

We agree with the State that Young has presented nothing more than his own
conclusory allegations to support his claim that McGuire did not provide an impartial
hearing and that he ignored exculpatory evidence. The record reflects that Young
received adequate notice of the charge against him. Young received a hearing in which
three witnesses testified and all the witnesses were subject to cross-examination. The
hearing was even continued once to allow Alman to testify. Alman's testimony was
equivocal as to what he actually could see in Young's cell. McGuire weighed all the
evidence and found Young guilty of committing a lewd act. Although Young disagrees
with McGuire's decision, the record does not support his claim that McGuire did not
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provide an impartial hearing and that he ignored exculpatory evidence. Thus, the district
court did not err in summarily dismissing this claim.

Young further claims that Lieutenant McGuire did not provide an adequate
statement of the factual findings supporting his decision to find him guilty. He asserts
Lieutenant McGuire did not explain why he believed Officer Englebrecht's testimony
over the testimony of Officer Alman, Young, and his own determination that he could not
see into Young's cell from cells 209 or 211.

The "Testimony" page attached to Young's petition contains a few questions and
answers from the testimony of all three witnesses—Young, Officer Englebrecht, and
Officer Alman. McGuire did not include any factual findings apart from the summary of
the evidence, nor did he indicate the reasons for his decision. The better practice would
likely have been for McGuire to provide a more detailed statement of his factual findings
and the reasons for his conclusion. Bruhn v. Heimgartner, No. 112,699, 2015 WL
3875395, at *6 (Kan. App. 2015) (unpublished opinion). Nevertheless, this court has
found similarly sparse reports meet the standard for due process, even when there were
other due process violations. See Conklin v. Heimgartner, No. 114,585, 2016 WL
4161358, at *4 (Kan. App. 2016) (unpublished opinion); Young v. Heimgartner, No.
114,603, 2016 WL 1169516, at *5 (Kan. App. 2016) (unpublished opinion) (Young I);
Bruhn, 2015 WL 3875395, at *6-7. The key inquiry is whether the report demonstrates a
nonarbitrary basis for the hearing officer's decision. Young I, 2016 WL 1169516, at *5.

For example, the court in Young I, found that Young's hearing had not been
impartial because the hearing officer, Lieutenant McGuire, did not allow Young to cross-
examine one of the witnesses, Clouser. As to Young's claim that the statement of findings
was inadequate, however, the court noted:

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"McGuire's hearing report includes a summary of the evidence from Young and Clouser,
as well as a partial summary, but not a disposition, of Young's motion to dismiss. It does
not list any factual findings apart from the evidence or specifically identify the reasons
for McGuire's decision. The report, however, does contain sufficient information to
provide some evidence supporting the hearing officer's decision—namely Clouser's
testimony, and, while brief, it demonstrates that there was a nonarbitrary basis for the
decision. See Shepherd, 14 Kan. App. 2d at 339 (noting that a statement of reasons can be
brief, but must be sufficient to demonstrate on review that the hearing officer's decision
was not arbitrary). As such, summary dismissal was appropriate for this claim." Young I,
2016 WL 1169516, at *3.

The hearing report in this case demonstrated a nonarbitrary basis for
Lieutenant McGuire's decision. Officer Englebrecht testified that she saw Young
standing on the desk in his cell and masturbating on two occasions. Because this
provides some evidence to support Lieutenant McGuire's decision, summary
dismissal is appropriate for this claim.

Young also argues there was insufficient evidence of his disciplinary violation. He
raises this argument for the first time on appeal. He does not argue why we should hear
this argument for the first time on appeal. While appellate courts generally do not hear
issues raised for the first time on appeal, Young's assertion arguably meets the exception
that consideration of his argument is necessary to serve the ends of justice or to prevent
denial of fundamental rights. State v. Phillips, 299 Kan. 479, 493, 325 P.3d 1095 (2014).

A challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence in a prison disciplinary proceeding
is reviewed for "'some evidence'" to support the correctional tribunal. Determining
whether this standard is satisfied does not require the reviewing court to examine the
entire record, make an independent assessment of witness credibility, or reweigh the
evidence. The relevant question is whether there is any evidence in the record to support
the conclusion reached by the disciplinary authority. May v. Cline, 304 Kan. ___, ___,
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372 P.3d 1242 (2016) (quoting Simmons v. Simmons, 267 Kan. 155, Syl. ¶ 3, 976 P.2d
505 [1999]).

There was some evidence of Young's disciplinary violation. Officer Englebrecht
wrote in her report, and testified at the hearing, that she saw Young standing on his desk
masturbating on two occasions. While the evidence in this case is not overwhelming,
even meager evidence may be sufficient as long as "the record is not so devoid of
evidence that the findings of the disciplinary board were without support or otherwise
arbitrary." McKune, 23 Kan. App. 2d at 808.

Affirmed.