State v. Terrazas-Garcia

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NOT DESIGNATED FOR PUBLICATION

Nos. 117,332
117,333

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF KANSAS

STATE OF KANSAS,
Appellee,

v.

JOEY LAURO TERRAZAS-GARCIA,
Appellant.


MEMORANDUM OPINION

Appeal from Finney District Court; ROBERT J. FREDERICK, judge. Opinion filed June 15, 2018.
Affirmed.

Sam Schirer, of Kansas Appellate Defender Office, for appellant.

William C. Votypka, deputy county attorney, Susan Lynn Hillier Richmeier, county attorney, and
Derek Schmidt, attorney general, for appellee.

Before ARNOLD-BURGER, C.J., HILL and BUSER, JJ.

PER CURIAM: Joey Lauro Terrazas-Garcia appeals the district court's denial of
credit for the time he spent in a Colorado jail against the sentences imposed in these two
Kansas drug cases. Finding no error, we affirm.

FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

On April 14, 2014, Terrazas-Garcia pled no contest to possession of
methamphetamine in Finney County case No. 14CR59 (first 2014 drug case). Upon his
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plea, the district court found Terrazas-Garcia guilty. On July 28, 2014, Terrazas-Garcia
was found guilty of another charge of possessing methamphetamine in Finney County
case No. 14CR265 (second 2014 drug case). Sentencing on the first and second 2014
drug cases (collectively, the 2014 drug cases) occurred on September 15, 2014. The
district court sentenced Terrazas-Garcia to an 18-month term of probation in each case,
with an underlying prison sentence of 28 months in each case to run consecutively.

A few months later, on December 22, 2014, Terrazas-Garcia stipulated that he
violated his probations in the 2014 drug cases. As a result, the district imposed a three-
day jail sanction and extended the probations. A few months later, on April 24, 2015,
Terrazas-Garcia again stipulated to violating his probations in the 2014 drug cases.
Accordingly, the district court imposed a 180-day prison sanction and again extended the
probations.

On April 21, 2016, Terrazas-Garcia was involved in a Kansas shooting and fled to
Colorado. On May 3, 2016, Terrazas-Garcia was arrested in Colorado on unrelated local
charges and, as a result, was detained in a Colorado jail. On July 19, 2016, the
proceedings for the Colorado charges were terminated and Terrazas-Garcia was
transported back to Kansas.

The State filed motions to revoke Terrazas-Garcia's probations in his 2014 drug
cases on August 18, 2016. That same day, warrants were issued for Terrazas-Garcia's
arrest related to the alleged probation violations in the 2014 drug cases. The arrest
warrants were served on Terrazas-Garcia on August 22, 2016.

On December 2, 2016, Terrazas-Garcia pled guilty to aggravated battery and
possession of a firearm stemming from an April 21, 2016 shooting incident in Finney
County case No. 16CR211 (2016 shooting case). As part of a global plea agreement, in
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addition to his guilty plea in the 2016 shooting case, Terrazas-Garcia also stipulated to
violating his probations in the 2014 drug cases.

A joint hearing involving sentencing in the 2016 shooting case and the disposition
of Terrazas-Garcia's probation violations in the 2014 drug cases was held on January 12,
2017. First, the district court addressed sentencing in the 2016 shooting case. As part of
the sentencing proceeding, Terrazas-Garcia stated that he was challenging the beginning
date for calculating his jail time credit.

While still discussing the 2016 shooting case, Terrazas-Garcia's attorney pointed
out that a Kansas arrest warrant was issued on May 4, 2016, and he suggested that a
detective handed Terrazas-Garcia the warrant in Colorado, informing him of the charges
that same day. The return on the arrest warrant, however, memorialized that it was not
served on Terrazas-Garcia until July 19, 2016. Defense counsel argued that Terrazas-
Garcia should be granted jail time credit starting on May 4, 2016, and that there was a
late return filed on the arrest warrant.

The district court responded by asking, "Would the problem with that not be that
although a warrant may have been handed to him on that day, he was in the custody of
the Colorado authorities, was he not?" Terrazas-Garcia's attorney acknowledged that
Terrazas-Garcia was in Colorado custody but he did not know when Colorado charges
were officially filed. A sheriff's deputy replied:

"He was arrested in Colorado, and when we found out he was arrested, he had
local charges. And he did not get done with his local charges until July 19th, at which
time his time started running for us. That's when he was released from, and that's when he
signed his waiver for us to come get him. And that's why the time doesn't start until July
19th."


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The district judge concluded:

"I think this deputy has accurately laid out for us the chronology of events . . . that he was
being held by Colorado on a Colorado case until that case was concluded on or about July
19th . . . .
. . . .
"Even if [the detective] handed [Terrazas-Garcia] a copy of a warrant that day, he
wasn't being held by Kansas. He was being held by Colorado."

The district court sentenced Terrazas-Garcia to a controlling term of 38 months in
prison for the 2016 shooting case. He was awarded 34 days of jail time credit in that case.
This award represented the time Terrazas-Garcia was in custody from July 19, 2016,
through August 21, 2016—the day before arrest warrants were served in the 2014 drug
cases. The district judge determined that he could not award jail time credit before July
19, 2016, stating, "I can only give you the time that you were being held for the State of
Kansas, and that time began on July the 19th, 2016, and ran through and including
today's date."

Next, the district court turned to the disposition of Terrazas-Garcia's probation
violations in the 2014 drug cases. The district court revoked Terrazas-Garcia's probations
and ordered him to serve the underlying sentences. With regard to jail time credit, the
district court awarded 485 days in the first drug case and 73 days in the second drug case;
144 of the 485 days awarded in the first drug case represented the time Terrazas-Garcia
was in custody from August 22, 2016—the day the arrest warrants for the 2014 drug
cases were served—through January 12, 2017—the day of the joint sentencing and
probation revocation hearing.

Importantly, during the probation revocation phase of the joint hearing, Terrazas-
Garcia did not request jail time credit for time served in the Colorado jail. Regardless, the
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district court did not award any jail time credit against Terrazas-Garcia's sentences
imposed in the 2014 drug cases for time he served in the Colorado jail.

Terrazas-Garcia appeals the district court's award of jail time credit in the 2014
drug cases. These two cases were consolidated for appeal. Of note, this appeal does not
involve Terrazas-Garcia's sentence or request for jail credit in his 2016 shooting case.

THE DISTRICT COURT DID NOT ERR BY DENYING TERRAZAS-GARCIA
JAIL TIME CREDIT FOR TIME SERVED IN THE COLORADO JAIL

Terrazas-Garcia contends the district court erred by ruling that he could not
receive jail time credit for time served in Colorado. Terrazas-Garcia asks our court to
remand this case for additional fact-finding to determine if and when Colorado authorities
began holding him on the probation revocation arrest warrants in the 2014 drug cases.

Kansas provides a statutory right to jail time credit. K.S.A. 2017 Supp. 21-6615;
State v. Hopkins, 295 Kan. 579, 581, 285 P.3d 1021 (2012). The parties agree that the
review of jail time credit requires statutory interpretation. The interpretation of a statute is
a question of law over which this court has unlimited review. State v. Collins, 303 Kan.
472, 473-74, 362 P.3d 1098 (2015).

Under K.S.A. 2017 Supp. 21-6615(a), a judge who sentences a defendant to
confinement must grant credit "for the time which the defendant has spent incarcerated
pending the disposition of the defendant's case." The provisions of K.S.A. 2017 Supp. 21-
6615(a) are mandatory, but they entitle a defendant only to jail time credit for the time he
or she was held in custody solely on the charge for which the defendant is being
sentenced. State v. Harper, 275 Kan. 888, 890, 69 P.3d 1105 (2003).

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At the outset, Terrazas-Garcia's claim on appeal is predicated on a misstatement of
the district court's ruling. The district court did not rule that Terrazas-Garcia could not
receive jail time credit for the time he served in Colorado merely because he was
incarcerated in another state. Rather, the district court found that Terrazas-Garcia was
held on Colorado criminal charges during his incarceration in Colorado and he could only
receive jail time credit for the time he was being held for the State of Kansas. As a
consequence, Terrazas-Garcia's legal claim is without any factual basis.

As a second preliminary matter, as noted by the State, the district court's denial of
jail credit for the time Terrazas-Garcia served in Colorado occurred during sentencing in
the 2016 shooting case, not in the portion of the hearing related to the probation
revocations in the 2014 drug cases. Our review of the record convinces us that Terrazas-
Garcia only sought an award of jail time credit based on his Colorado incarceration in the
2016 shooting case, not the 2014 drug cases. As a result, he is presenting this issue for the
first time on appeal. Issues not raised before the trial court generally may not be raised on
appeal. See State v. Kelly, 298 Kan. 965, 971, 318 P.3d 987 (2014). However, because
the merits of this issue are easily addressed we will consider the issue.

Terrazas-Garcia is correct that the provisions of K.S.A. 2017 Supp. 21-6615(a) do
not limit an award of jail time credit solely to time served within the state of Kansas.
State v. Thorn, 1 Kan. App. 2d 460, 462, 570 P.2d 1100 (1977). To determine if a
defendant should receive jail time credit against a particular sentence when held in
another jurisdiction, the appropriate inquiry is

"whether the defendant was incarcerated solely on account of a particular charge. If so,
then the defendant is entitled to jail time credit against the sentence for that charge. If not,
then the defendant should receive credit only against the sentence for charges filed in the
county in which he or she is held. [Citations omitted.]" State v. Taylor, 24 Kan. App. 2d
80, 83, 941 P.2d 954 (1997).

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For example, in Taylor, the defendant was held in the Reno and Harvey County
jails because of pending charges in Reno, Harvey, and Sedgwick Counties. The defendant
appealed the district court's denial of jail time credit against his sentence in the Sedgwick
County case. The Taylor court held the defendant was not entitled to credit against his
Sedgwick County sentence for the time served in Reno and Harvey Counties because
during that period he was not being held in Reno and Harvey Counties "solely on account
of the Sedgwick County charges." 24 Kan. App. 2d at 82.

Although Taylor involved multiple counties within Kansas, the same inquiry
applies when a defendant is incarcerated in another state. See State v. Evans, No.
102,312, 2010 WL 3211713, at *1 (Kan. App. 2010) (unpublished opinion). Thus,
Terrazas-Garcia would only be entitled to jail time credit in his 2014 drug cases for the
time served in Colorado if he was in jail solely awaiting disposition of his Kansas
probation revocation motions. See Thorn, 1 Kan. App. 2d 460, Syl. ¶ 1.

The record shows, however, that Terrazas-Garcia was being held in the Colorado
jail on Colorado charges. Since Terrazas-Garcia was incarcerated for local Colorado
charges the entirety of his Colorado jail term, he was not incarcerated solely on account
of his Kansas cases. As a result, Terrazas-Garcia was not entitled to jail time credit for
the time served in Colorado against his 2014 drug sentences. The district court did not err
in its jail time credit ruling.

Terrazas-Garcia suggests that he was also being held in Colorado on the probation
violation warrants in the 2014 drug cases. Once again, Terrazas-Garcia is mistaken.
When Terrazas-Garcia's defense counsel was referring to the arrest warrant issued on
May 4, 2016, during sentencing in the 2016 shooting case, he was specifically referring
to the arrest warrant in the 2016 shooting case. Defense counsel was not referring to the
probation revocation arrest warrants in the 2014 drug cases. Those warrants were filed on
August 18, 2016, and served on August 22, 2016, long after Terrazas-Garcia was
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transported from Colorado to Kansas. As a result, any time Terrazas-Garcia spent in the
Colorado jail was not applicable to 2014 drug cases.

"A defendant is not entitled to credit on a sentence for time which he has spent in
jail upon other, distinct, and wholly unrelated charges." Campbell v. State, 223 Kan. 528,
Syl. ¶ 2, 575 P.2d 524 (1978). To be entitled to jail time credit for the time served while
in Colorado jail, Terrazas-Garcia's incarceration must have been spent pending the
disposition of his probation revocation motions in his 2014 drug cases. See K.S.A. 2017
Supp. 21-6615(a).

In summary, Terrazas-Garcia was incarcerated in Colorado from May 3, 2016,
through July 19, 2016. The probation revocation arrest warrants issued in the 2014 drug
cases were served on August 22, 2016, after Terrazas-Garcia was transported from
Colorado to Kansas, while he was awaiting disposition of the 2016 shooting case. Quite
simply, Terrazas-Garcia was never held in Colorado pending the disposition of his
probation violation arrest warrants in the 2014 drug cases. The district court did not err in
its calculation of jail time credits. Terrazas-Garcia's request for a remand to inquire
further into this matter is without merit.

Affirmed.