State v. Powell

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NOT DESIGNATED FOR PUBLICATION

No. 114,581

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF KANSAS

STATE OF KANSAS,
Appellee,

v.

CLIFTON S. POWELL,
Appellant.

MEMORANDUM OPINION


Appeal from Sedgwick District Court; PHILLIP B. JOURNEY, judge. Opinion filed November 18,
2016. Affirmed.

Heather Cessna, of Kansas Appellate Defender Office, for appellant.

Matt J. Maloney, assistant district attorney, Marc Bennett, district attorney, and Derek Schmidt,
attorney general, for appellee.

Before MCANANY, P.J., PIERRON, J., and BURGESS, S.J.

Per Curiam: Clifton S. Powell was charged in two separate cases—No.
11CR1198 and No. 11CR349. After a motion by the State, the district court consolidated
the cases for trial. On August 29, 2011, Powell pled guilty in both cases. Using Powell's
criminal history score of B for each case, the court sentenced him to consecutive
probation terms with underlying prison sentences. After multiple violations, the court
revoked Powell's probation and ordered him to serve the underlying prison sentences.
Powell filed a pro se motion to correct an illegal sentence arguing the court had
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incorrectly used his criminal history score of B when it calculated his sentence for case
No. 11CR349. The court denied Powell's motion and he appeals. We affirm.

In case No. 11CR1198, Powell was charged with one count of aggravated battery
in violation of K.S.A. 21-3414(a)(1)(A), a severity level 4 person felony. In case No.
11CR349 (the case at issue here), Powell was charged with one count of aggravated
assault in violation of K.S.A. 21-3410(a), a severity level 7 person felony; two counts of
domestic battery in violation of K.S.A. 21-3412a(a)(1)(b)(1), class B person
misdemeanors; one count of criminal damage to property in violation of K.S.A. 21-
3720a(a)(1)(b)(3), a class B nonperson misdemeanor; and one count of criminal trespass
in violation of K.S.A. 21-3721(a)(1)(B), a class B nonperson misdemeanor. The State
filed a motion to consolidate these cases for trial under K.S.A. 22-3203, which the district
court granted.

In case No. 11CR349, the district court sentenced Powell to 24 months' probation,
with an underlying prison term of 29 months. In case No. 11CR1198, the court sentenced
Powell to 36 months' probation with an underlying prison term of 172 months. The court
ordered these sentences to be served consecutively. After multiple violations, the court
revoked Powell's probation and ordered him to serve a reduced prison sentence.

In his pro se motion to correct an illegal sentence, Powell argued that cases No.
11CR349 and No. 11CR1198 had been incorrectly counted against each other in his
sentencing and, therefore, his criminal history score for case No. 11CR349 should have
been I instead of B. The State assembled another presentence investigation report to
correct this error but discovered an additional felony that resulted in Powell's criminal
history score remaining B.

His sentence thus unaltered, Powell filed another pro se motion to correct illegal
sentence in April 2015. Powell argued that because case No. 11CR1198 and No.
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11CR349 had been consolidated for trial, the criminal history score used to calculate his
sentence for No. 11CR349 should have been I rather than B. The district court denied this
motion, stating it did not present a valid question of law.

The statutes at issue in this case, and cited by the parties in their briefs, are K.S.A.
21-4710 and K.S.A. 21-4720. These statutes are now K.S.A. 2015 Supp. 21-6810 and
K.S.A. 2015 Supp. 21-6819 respectively.

On appeal, Powell argues that the district court erred when it denied his pro se
motion to correct an illegal sentence. However, both Kansas statutes and the Kansas
Supreme Court's ruling in State v. McCurry, 279 Kan. 118, 105 P.3d 1247 (2005), make
it clear that the district court properly calculated Powell's sentence, and thus did not err.

Whether a sentence is illegal within the meaning of K.S.A. 22-3504 is a question
of law over which the appellate court has unlimited review. State v. Lee, 304 Kan. 416,
417, 372 P.3d 415 (2016). To the extent this panel does so, interpretation of a statute is a
question of law over which we exercise unlimited review. State v. Nguyen, 304 Kan. 420,
422, 372 P.3d 1142 (2016).

Powell contends that since the State consolidated his cases for trial, the district
court should have used his criminal history score of B for only No. 11CR1198, and then
used a criminal history score of I for No. 11CR349. The district court considered these
same arguments in Powell's motion and denied it on the basis it did not present a valid
question of law.

For sentencing, K.S.A. Supp. 2015 21-6810(c) states that "[e]xcept as otherwise
provided, all convictions, whether sentenced consecutively or concurrently, shall be
counted separately in the offender's criminal history." Of particular issue in this case is
K.S.A. Supp. 2015 21-6810(a), which states that a prior conviction is
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"any conviction, other than another count in the current case which was brought in the
same information or complaint or which was joined for trial with other counts in the
current case pursuant to K.S.A. 22-3203 . . . which occurred prior to sentencing in the
current case regardless of whether the offense that led to the prior conviction occurred
before or after the current offense or the conviction in the current case." (Emphasis
added.)

Although Powell does not specifically argue the point in his brief, he essentially
asserts that the district court violated the "double sentence rule"—K.S.A. 2015 Supp. 21-
6819(b)(4)—when it used his criminal history score of B to calculate the sentences for
case No. 11CR1198 and No. 11CR349. Generally, when a defendant is sentenced to
multiple convictions Kansas law requires a district court to establish a base sentence for
the primary crime. K.S.A. 2015 Supp. 21-6819(b)(2). A primary crime is the crime that
has the highest severity level amongst all the crimes of which the defendant is convicted.
K.S.A. 2015 Supp. 21-6819(b)(2). The double rule then provides: "The total prison
sentence imposed in a case involving multiple convictions arising from multiple counts
within an information, complaint or indictment cannot exceed twice the base sentence."
K.S.A. Supp. 2015 21-6819(b)(4). Thus, when multiple crimes are joined in the same
complaint, a defendant's sentence is limited to twice the length of the longest prison
sentence applicable to the primary crime.

Powell suggests that the act of consolidating two cases for trial indicates the cases
could have been joined into a single complaint and should be subject to the double rule.
Making this argument, Powell emphasizes the language of K.S.A. 22-3203, which states
that "the [district] court may order two or more complaints, informations or indictments
against a single defendant to be tried together if the crimes could have been joined in a
single complaint, information or indictment." Powell cites State v. Boone, 220 Kan. 771,
Syl. ¶ 1, 556 P.2d 880 (1976): "When two or more complaints . . . are tried together
under K.S.A. 22-3203, the procedure should be the same as if the prosecution were under
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a single complaint. . . ." Powell reasons that because cases consolidated for trial are
subject to the same procedures, the double rule should apply to K.S.A. Supp. 2015 21-
6810(a) and prevent the district court from using the same criminal history score to
calculate the sentence for each consolidated case. Applying this logic to the case at hand,
Powell argues that only No. 11CR1198 should have been subject to a criminal history
score of B, and No. 11CR349 should have been subject to a criminal history score of I.

As the State points out in its brief, Powell's argument runs contrary to the Kansas
Supreme Court's decision in State v. McCurry, 279 Kan. 118, 105 P.3d 1247 (2005).
There, the defendant was charged with aggravated robbery in three separate cases. These
cases were consolidated for trial and, after his conviction, the district court sentenced the
defendant to three consecutive 64-month prison terms for a total of 192 months. The
defendant challenged his sentence arguing that because they had been tried together, the
three cases should be considered "'multiple counts in a single complaint'" and were
therefore subject to the double rule found in K.S.A. 2015 Supp. 21-6819(b)(4).

Interpreting both K.S.A. 21-4710(a) (now K.S.A. 2015 Supp. 21-6810(a)) and
K.S.A. 21-4720(b)(4) (now K.S.A. 2015 Supp. 21-6819[b][4]), the McCurry court found
that the double rule applied to convictions "in a single charging complaint, information,
or indictment," but not to criminal cases consolidated for trial. 279 Kan. at 124-25.
Additionally, the court rejected the defendant's argument that cases consolidated for trial
under K.S.A. 22-3203 effectively merged into one complaint—and thus subject to the
double rule. 279 Kan. at 126. K.S.A. 22-3203 merely gave the State the option of placing
similar charges in either one complaint or separate complaints that could be consolidated
for trial. 279 Kan. at 126. Ultimately, the court concluded that the double rule did not
apply to cases consolidated for trial, and that courts can use the same criminal history
score when calculating a sentence for each case consolidated in this manner. 279 Kan. at
127.

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The facts and arguments found in McCurry are almost identical to those presented
in this case, and there is nothing to suggest that the outcome here should be any different.
Just like McCurry, the State charged Powell with similar crimes, which it later
consolidated for trial. Moreover, the district court calculated Powell's sentences for each
case based upon his criminal history score of B, a decision that was consistent with the
Kansas Supreme Court's ruling in McCurry. Powell acknowledges the precedential value
of McCurry but nevertheless urges us to ignore McCurry on the basis that it was wrongly
decided. We are required to follow Supreme Court precedent absent some indication that
the court is departing from its earlier position. State v. Belone, 51 Kan. App. 2d 179, 211,
323 P.3d 128 (2015). Because there is no indication that the Kansas Supreme Court plans
to depart from the position set forth in McCurry, and because the district court's ruling is
wholly consistent with that decision, we affirm.

Affirmed.