State v. Marshall

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NOT DESIGNATED FOR PUBLICATION

No. 116,032


IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF KANSAS

STATE OF KANSAS,
Appellee,

v.

SADAYA MIQUAN MARSHALL,
Appellant.


MEMORANDUM OPINION

Appeal from Pottawatomie District Court; JEFFREY R. ELDER, judge. Opinion filed March 10,
2017. Affirmed.

Jennifer C. Roth, of Kansas Appellate Defender Office, for appellant.

Amanda G. Voth, assistant solicitor general, and Derek Schmidt, attorney general, for appellee.

Before PIERRON, P.J., HILL, J., and WALKER, S.J.

Per Curiam: Claiming that she had not absconded, Sadaya Miquan Marshall
argues that she should have received an intermediate sanction instead of being sent to
prison after the court revoked her probation. Our review of the record reveals that the
court required the State to present evidence proving its claim that Marshall had
absconded. Substantial competent evidence supports the court's finding that Marshall had
absconded and we affirm.


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Placed on probation in 2013, Marshall violated her probation twice.

Marshall pled no contest to one count of nonresidential burglary and theft. The
court sentenced her to serve 16 months for the burglary and a consecutive 6 months for
the theft. Marshall was placed on probation for 24 months.

In April 2014, the State asked the court to revoke Marshall's probation for
violations of its terms. At the hearing on the State's motion, the court ordered Marshall to
serve up to 60 days in the county jail unless a drug treatment program became available,
and extended her probation for an additional 24 months. Marshall was released from her
jail sentence when she received placement at a treatment facility, but she subsequently
walked out of treatment.

In late 2015, the State once again asked the court to revoke Marshall's probation
for various reasons:
 Failure to report;
 failure to inform her supervising officer of her current address;
 failure to comply with drug treatment; and
 absconding from probation.

At the first hearing of this motion for revocation, Marshall stipulated to the violation
of probation as it was stated in the State's affidavit. But then at the dispositional hearing
on the violation, Marshall rescinded her stipulation that she absconded.

In response, the district court held a later hearing where the State presented evidence
of Marshall's alleged absconding. At that hearing, Penny Walker, Marshall's probation
supervisor, testified that in May 2015, she tried to verify Marshall's home address.
Walker was told that Marshall did not live at that address. At the end of May 2015,
Marshall sent a text message to Walker. In the text, Marshall told Walker that she was
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living with her aunt, but did not give any address. Marshall also stated that she was
attempting to get into Valeo and asked if there was a warrant for her arrest.

Walker did not respond to the text. At the time Walker received the text, she
believed she had filed an affidavit in support of a second probation revocation. The office
to which she sent the affidavit did not receive it. Walker testified that Marshall was not at
Valeo after she had received Marshall's text. Ultimately, Walker testified that Marshall
was not amenable to probation based upon her experience.

The district court found that Marshall's text message to Walker and Walker's
actions showed more than just a failure to report. The court found Marshall had violated
her probation by absconding. The district court revoked Marshall's probation and ordered
her to serve her original sentence.

Intermediate sanctions are unnecessary for one who absconds from probation.

Marshall argues that the district court erred in revoking her probation when it
found she had absconded. We review such questions first to see if substantial competent
evidence supports the court's finding that the State has established a probation violation
by a preponderance of the evidence. See State v. Skolaut, 286 Kan. 219, 227, 182 P.3d
1231 (2008). Once a probation violation has been established, whether revocation is
appropriate is reviewed for an abuse of discretion. State v. Huckey, 51 Kan. App. 2d 451,
454, 348 P.3d 997 (2015), rev. denied 302 Kan. 1015 (2015).

The court's finding that a probationer has absconded is significant. The law
concerning probation revocations—K.S.A. 2015 Supp. 22-3716—controls this case. The
statute requires a sentencing court to impose a graduated series of intermediate sanctions
on a probationer for probation violations unless one of three exceptions applies. K.S.A.
2015 Supp. 22-3716(c). The exceptions are:
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 Committing a new felony while on probation;
 absconding from probation; and
 the district court making a specific determination that the safety of the
community or welfare of the probationer would not be served by an intermediate
sanction. K.S.A. 2015 Supp. 22-3716(c)(8)-(9).

Here, the State alleged that Marshall had absconded from probation.

This court has held that absconding requires more than a mere failure to report.
Huckey, 51 Kan. App. 2d at 455. Kansas has adopted the definition of abscond from
Black's Law Dictionary. Huckey, 51 Kan. App. 2d at 455; see State v. Campbell, No.
100,660, 2010 WL 198502, at *1 (Kan. App. 2010) (unpublished opinion). To abscond,
one must "depart secretly or suddenly, especially to avoid arrest, prosecution or service of
process." Black's Law Dictionary 8 (10th ed. 2014).

Here, Marshall missed a home visit by her supervisor, Walker. The address for the
home visit was the one Marshall had given Walker. Walker was told that Marshall did not
live at the address. After the missed home visit, Marshall sent a text message to Walker
that stated she was living with her aunt, but provided no address. In the text message,
Marshall asked if there was a warrant for her arrest and stated she was trying to get into
Valeo.

Walker did not respond to the text message because she thought she had filed an
affidavit to revoke probation. Walker later learned that no affidavit had been received.
After Walker received the text message, Marshall was not in Valeo. Walker did not know
where Marshall was located.

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Marshall not living at the address she had given Walker is more than a mere
failure to report. See State v. Seaman, No. 111,805, 2015 WL 4879018, at *2 (Kan. App.
2015) (unpublished opinion); see State v. Coffman, No. 112,885, 2015 WL 9287029, at
*4 (Kan. App. 2015) (unpublished opinion) rev. denied 305 Kan. ___ (November 15,
2016).

Based upon the terms of Marshall's probation, she was required to notify Walker
of any change of address. In Seaman, a panel of this court held that the probationer
absconded based upon leaving a residence for 3 weeks, not notifying the probation officer
of a change of address, and not returning communications from community corrections.
2015 WL 4879018, at *2. Specifically, the court stated: "These actions fit squarely within
the definition of abscond . . . adopted by this court in Huckey." 2015 WL 4879018, at *2.
Based upon Seaman, Marshall's actions of not living at the address provided and failing
to provide a change of address fits within the definition of absconding.

Based upon this record, we find there is substantial competent evidence to support
the court's finding that Marshall had absconded. The district court acted within its
discretion to revoke probation and impose Marshall's prison sentence.

Affirmed.