Pistotnik v. Pistotnik

1
NOT DESIGNATED FOR PUBLICATION

No. 115,715

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF KANSAS

BRADLEY A. PISTOTNIK and BRAD PISTOTNIK LAW, P.A.,
Appellees,

v.

BRIAN D. PISTOTNIK, AFFILIATED ATTORNEYS OF PISTOTNIK LAW OFFICES, P.A.,
and PISTOTNIK LAW OFFICES, LLC,
Appellants.


MEMORANDUM OPINION

Appeal from Sedgwick District Court; TIMOTHY H. HENDERSON, judge. Opinion filed May 19,
2017. Affirmed.

Brian D. Pistotnik, of Wichita, appellant pro se.

Charles E. Millsap, Lyndon W. Vix, and Ron Campbell, of Fleeson, Gooing, Coulson &
Kitch, L.L.C., of Wichita, for appellees.

Before GREEN, P.J., STANDRIDGE and GARDNER, JJ.

Per Curiam: Brian D. Pistotnik appeals the district court's decision to deny his
motion to terminate the receivership it ordered after dissolving Affiliated Attorneys of
Pistotnik Law Offices, P.A. (AAPLO), an association which Brian owned with his
brother, Bradley A. Pistotnik. Brian argues the court should have terminated the
receivership because the parties contemplated termination in their settlement agreement
and because the facts and circumstances of the case no longer necessitate the
receivership. Finding no abuse of discretion, we affirm the district court's decision.
2
FACTS

Brian and Brad were each 50% shareholders of the law firm AAPLO. On June 19,
2014, Brad filed a petition seeking dissolution of AAPLO. Brian answered the lawsuit
and asserted several counterclaims against Brad. Brad answered Brian's counterclaims
and included additional claims against Brian. The numerous claims between the brothers
were the subject of lengthy litigation, most of which is not relevant to this appeal.

Brad filed a motion for dissolution of AAPLO and appointment of receiver on
November 3, 2014. The district court issued an order on January 15, 2015, dissolving
AAPLO and placing it in receivership. The court appointed attorney David Rapp to serve
as the receiver to wind up the affairs of AAPLO. See K.S.A. 17-6808 (appointment by
court and power of receiver for dissolved corporations). Rapp filed his oath as receiver on
January 28, 2015, and filed his bond on February 11, 2015.

During the course of the receivership, Rapp worked under the authority of the
district court to marshal AAPLO's assets, collect its debts, and evaluate claims made by
or against AAPLO or its shareholders. The receiver also oversaw the litigation of certain
claims in which AAPLO asserted attorneys' liens for predissolution cases, which are
referred to as the Consolver and Hernandez cases. Former AAPLO clients additionally
filed counterclaims against Brad (in Consolver II) and Brian (in Hernandez).

On July 16, 2015, Brian and Brad met with a mediator, who assisted them in
settling their claims against each other and agreeing to a mutual release. The mediator
read the terms of the settlement agreement into the court's record the same day. Brian and
Brad confirmed that the terms of their agreement were correctly recited by the mediator
into the record. Relevant to the issue on appeal, the settlement agreement included the
following provision:

3
"[THE MEDIATOR]: Judge, this is what I believe the settlement agreement to
be between the parties. The receivership will be closed as soon as possible. There's been a
lawsuit filed recently naming the old—I'm not going to call it AAPLO—I'm just going to
say the old law firm as a defendant, which may require some action by the receiver.
These parties agree that it should be closed as soon as possible."

In accordance with their agreement, Brad's attorneys drafted a written settlement
agreement and mutual release that incorporated the terms of the mediated agreement and
then presented the draft to Brian for signature. On October 13, 2015, Brad filed a motion
to enforce the settlement agreement, asking the court to order that Brian sign the written
agreement. On October 16, 2015, Brian filed a separate motion to enforce the terms of the
settlement agreement and terminate the receivership, or in the alternative to stay the
receivership. Brian complained that after the July 16, 2015, settlement agreement was
reached, Brad filed a claim against AAPLO for indemnity in Consolver II. Brian alleged
that because Brad was aware of that case prior to agreeing to release all claims against the
receivership on July 16, 2015, Brad breached the terms of the settlement agreement and
his claim for indemnity should be rejected.

The district court held a hearing on October 29, 2015, regarding the competing
motions and heard argument from the parties on issues pertaining to the interpretation of
the settlement agreement. The court ultimately allowed Brad to make an indemnity claim
against AAPLO in Consolver II and ordered the receiver to oversee that litigation. The
court then granted Brad's motion to enforce the settlement agreement. Noting several
objections, Brian signed the written settlement agreement on November 12, 2015.
Relevant to the sole issue on appeal, the written agreement stated:

"8. CLOSING OF THE RECEIVERSHIP. The Receivership shall be closed as
soon as practicable. It is understood that a suit has recently been filed in which the
RECEIVER has been named as a defendant, which may require some action by the
RECEIVER."
4
On December 8, 2015, the district court entered a journal entry dismissing the
parties' claims against each other with prejudice. The order stated: "[T]his action shall
remain open until the Receiver, David Rapp, winds up the affairs of Affiliated Attorneys
of Pistotnik Law Offices, P.A., and provides his final report to the Court pursuant to
K.S.A. 17-6808."

On February 11, 2016, Brian filed a motion to terminate the receivership. The
district court heard argument on the motion on February 24-25, 2016, along with other
issues pertaining to the ongoing wind up of AAPLO. On March 31, 2016, the court issued
an order in which it denied the motion to terminate the receivership, but strictly limited
the receiver's work. The order stated, in relevant part:

"2. At the time of the hearing, there were four cases outstanding for AAPLO:
Consolver I, Consolver II, and two Hernandez cases, all involving attorneys' liens. There
is a potential for future litigation concerning these cases. The Receiver does not believe
the receivership needs to stay open for these cases. The Court shares that observation and
notes that Brian Pistotnik made a very fair point when he indicated that four or five years
from now there may be liability for the corporation and we do not need to keep a receiver
open for those purposes.
"3. The Receiver does believe, however, as does the Court, that the receivership
needs to remain open to complete the 2015 taxes and may need to stay open for the 2016
taxes.
"4. The Court's primary concern about closing the receivership is that
throughout the life of this case, the Court had concluded that the matter was resolved.
However, such closure never came to fruition. The Court is mindful of the expenses to
the parties that a receivership creates. The Court is equally mindful that much of these
expenses are the result of issues raised by the parties to the Receiver.
"5. The Receiver has performed admirably, and the Court has no concerns
about the work done by the Receiver.
"6. The Receiver is to complete the work necessary for the 2015 taxes. Once
those tax returns are filed, the Court orders that the Receiver shall not work this case in
any further manner without further Court order (with the exception of 2016 taxes, as
5
discussed below). The Court will consider any motion allowing the Receiver to work the
case filed by the parties or the Receiver for future actions. Absence of issuance of such an
order, there is not to be any further work on the receivership. The Court cautions the
parties that it reserves the right to assess the cost of future work done by the Receiver to
the party seeking the Receiver's involvement from this point forward. The Receiver may
work the receivership concerning 2016 AAPLO taxes without further order of the Court.
Once the 2016 taxes are paid, it is the Court's intention to close the receivership. The
Court is not terminating and winding up the Receivership at this time, but is limiting its
future work as outlined above.
"IT IS SO ORDERED."

Brian timely appealed the district court's order on April 15, 2016.

After the district court's March 31, 2016, order in this case, Rapp, in his capacity
as receiver of AAPLO, was served with a counterclaim in the Hernandez lawsuit. On
August 11, 2016, Rapp filed a motion in the district court seeking authorization to
participate in the defense of the Hernandez litigation asserted against AAPLO. The
district court granted the motion and authorized Rapp "to participate in the defense of the
above identified Counterclaim, but direct[ed] that the Receiver minimize his participation
to the extent reasonably possible." The order also provided that the parties could
terminate the receivership as matters progressed "only if both parties consent."

ANALYSIS

Motion to terminate receivership

Brian argues the district court erred when it denied his motion to terminate the
AAPLO receivership, citing two reasons the receivership should have been be closed.
First, he argues the parties agreed to terminate the receivership and the court erred in
failing to enforce that agreement. Second, he contends that under the facts and
circumstances of this case, there was no reason for the court to keep the receivership
6
open. In response to Brian's argument, Brad contends the agreement did not require the
district court to immediately close the receivership, the court had discretion to keep the
receivership open, and there are pending matters for the receiver to address before the
receivership may be completed.

When a corporate entity is dissolved, the district court may, upon application,
appoint a receiver of the corporation. K.S.A. 17-6808. The receiver's duties are defined
by statute:

"[T]o take charge of the corporation's property, and to collect the debts and property due
and belonging to the corporation, with power to prosecute and defend, in the name of the
corporation, or otherwise, all such suits as may be necessary or proper for the purposes
aforesaid, and to appoint an agent or agents under them, and to do all other acts which
might be done by the corporation, if in being, that may be necessary for the final
settlement of the unfinished business of the corporation." K.S.A. 17-6808.

The powers of the receiver continue "as long as the court shall think necessary for the
purposes aforesaid." K.S.A. 17-6808.

This court reviews the district court's decisions regarding the appointment and
retention of a receiver for abuse of discretion. See Inscho v. Mid-Continent Development
Co., 94 Kan. 370, 382, 146 P. 1014 (1915) (retention of receiver reviewed for abuse of
discretion); see also City of Mulvane v. Henderson, 46 Kan. App. 2d 113, 118, 257 P.3d
1272 (2011) (appointment of receiver reviewed for abuse of discretion). Judicial
discretion is abused when judicial action is arbitrary, fanciful, or unreasonable or when
the district court clearly erred or ventured beyond the limits of permissible choice under
the circumstances. Uhruh v. Purina Mills, LLC, 289 Kan. 1185, 1202, 221 P.3d 1130
(2009); Rose v. Via Christi Health System, Inc., 276 Kan. 539, Syl. ¶ 1, 78 P.3d 798
(2003).

7
"Under an abuse of discretion standard, a district court's decision is protected if
reasonable persons could differ upon the propriety of the decision, as long as the
discretionary decision is made within and takes into account the applicable legal
standards." Harrison v. Tauheed, 292 Kan. 663, Syl. ¶ 2, 256 P.3d 851 (2011).

The burden of showing an abuse of discretion is on the party claiming error. Miller v.
Glacier Development Co., LLC, 284 Kan. 476, 498, 161 P.3d 730 (2007).

Brian first argues that the district court abused its discretion by failing to enforce
the parties' settlement agreement, which he contends primarily required closing the
receivership. Brad contends that Brian overstates the nature of the parties' agreement with
respect to the termination of the receivership and that the district court is in any case not
bound by the parties' agreement to terminate the receivership.

Brian makes two conflicting contract interpretation arguments. First, he urges us
to look to the plain language of the verbal agreement and written agreement and contends
"both agreements clearly state that the parties agreed to close the receivership."
Alternatively, Brian argues that the termination provision in the written agreement is
ambiguous because it fails to clearly define when and how the receivership will be
closed, and such an ambiguity should be resolved against Brad since his attorneys drafted
that agreement. The interpretation of a written instrument is a question of law, over which
this court exercises unlimited review. Prairie Land Elec. Co-Op. v. Kansas Elec. Power
Co-Op., 299 Kan. 360, 366, 323 P.3d 1270 (2014). "Whether a written instrument is
ambiguous is a matter of law subject to de novo review." Liggatt v. Employers Mut.
Casualty Co., 273 Kan. 915, 921, 46 P.3d 1120 (2002).

"The primary rule in interpreting written contracts is to ascertain the intent of the
parties. If the terms of the contract are clear, there is no room for rules of construction,
and the intent of the parties is determined from the contract itself. [Citation omitted.] . . .
Ambiguity exists if the contract contains provisions or language of doubtful or conflicting
8
meaning. [Citation omitted.] Put another way: 'Ambiguity in a written contract does not
appear until the application of pertinent rules of interpretation to the face of the
instrument leaves it genuinely uncertain which one of two or more meanings is the proper
meaning.' [Citation omitted.] Before a contract is determined to be ambiguous, the
language must be given a fair, reasonable, and practical construction. [Citation omitted.]"
Liggatt, 273 Kan. at 921.

The intent of the parties can be determined from the plain language of the
agreements. The verbal agreement states that "[t]he receivership will be closed as soon as
possible." Similarly, the written agreement provided that "[t]he Receivership shall be
closed as soon as practicable." The agreements plainly did not require immediate
termination of the receivership.

The language "as soon as possible" and "as soon as practicable" does not render
the provision ambiguous, as the meaning of those provisions is not doubtful or
contradictory. See Liggatt, 273 Kan. at 921. The context of the agreement is an ongoing
wind up of a corporation. Looking at the provisions themselves, they contemplated that
the receiver had pending responsibilities prior to winding up AAPLO: the verbal
agreement stated "[t]here's been a lawsuit filed recently naming . . . the old law firm as a
defendant, which may require some action by the receiver," and the written agreement
stated "[i]t is understood that a suit has recently been filed in which the RECEIVER has
been named as a defendant, which may require some action by the RECEIVER." The
provisions did not contemplate immediate termination but anticipated that the receiver
would have to wind up the outstanding litigation.

Because the provisions are not ambiguous, it is not proper to interpret the
provision against the drafter of the agreement. See Thoroughbred Associates, LLC v.
Kansas City Royalty Company, LLC, 297 Kan. 1193, 1206, 308 P.3d 1238 (2013)
("When ambiguity appears, the language is interpreted against the party who prepared the
instrument."). In any case, the written agreement simply formalized the parties' earlier
9
verbal agreement, and the two provisions are almost identical. There is no reason for this
court to interpret the meaning of the agreement to terminate the receivership against
Brad.

As Brad contends, the district court is not bound by the agreement of the parties to
terminate a receivership, even if that is what the parties agreed. Indeed, the receiver
serves at the discretion of the court. The receivership may continue "as long as the court
shall think necessary" to do all acts that might be done by the corporation necessary for
the final settlement of unfinished business of the corporation. K.S.A. 17-6808; see also
Shaw v. Robison, 537 P.2d 487, 490 (Utah 1975) ("A receivership is an equitable matter
and is entirely within the control of the court. The fact that the parties requested a
termination of the matter in the midst of the proceedings does not compel the court to
'about face' and cease all matters instanter.").

"The decision on whether to terminate a receivership turns on the facts and
circumstances of each case. In determining whether to continue a receivership or
discharge the receiver, the court will consider the rights and interests of all parties
concerned and will not grant an application for discharge merely because it is made by
the party at whose instance the appointment was made. Similarly, the fact that the parties
request a termination of receivership in the midst of the proceedings does not compel the
court to cease all matters instantly though a court may agree to discharge a court-
appointed receiver upon the agreement of all parties." 65 Am. Jur. 2d Receivers § 146.

The district court did not abuse its discretion in denying Brian's motion to
terminate the receivership based on the parties' agreement that the receivership would be
terminated as soon as possible.

In his next argument, Brian points to several facts and circumstances that he
argues required the receivership to be terminated. First, he alleges the settlement
agreement resolved all outstanding issues with the wind up of AAPLO—how the receiver
10
would handle AAPLO's assets and debts, how the parties would pay the expenses of
filing tax returns, and how the parties would divide expenses and recovery regarding the
Consolver I case. Second, he notes that the receiver admitted he was not actively
involved in Consolver I and Consolver II and that the parties could file the taxes on their
own if the court relieved him of his duties. Finally, Brian argues the continuation of the
receivership is depleting AAPLO's assets which would otherwise be distributed to the
shareholders. In short, Brian alleges that the purpose of the receivership is complete, and
the district court abused its discretion in keeping it open. He argues that a receiver is not
necessary for the filing AAPLO's taxes, which is a function performed by AAPLO's
accountant.

Brian acknowledges that the receiver was named on behalf of AAPLO as a
counterclaim defendant in Hernandez after the district court's March 31, 2016, order, and
the court has approved the receiver to oversee that litigation. Although Brian asserts his
malpractice insurer is handling the defense of the case, he fails to acknowledge that the
receivership is the only entity that can act on behalf of AAPLO as a dissolved
corporation. As such, the receiver must not only communicate with the attorneys
representing AAPLO in the Hernandez litigation but also is solely responsible for making
decisions on the corporation's behalf to resolve that claim.

The district court exercised its discretion to deny Brian's motion to terminate the
receivership after taking into consideration the facts and circumstances Brian raises now
on appeal. The court's March 31, 2016, order denying Brian's motion to terminate the
receivership stayed the receiver's work except to complete the work necessary for the
filing of AAPLO's 2015 and 2016 taxes. The court specified that the limitation on the
receiver's work was in response to concerns about expenses incurred by continuing the
receivership. The court specifically noted its agreement with Brian's position that the
receivership did not need to remain open indefinitely to handle any future litigation filed
against AAPLO. The court provided a method for the receiver to be involved in
11
unforeseen issues that may arise during the wind up of the corporation but only upon
application to the court and permission granted.

The district court has discretion to continue the receivership "as long as the court
shall think necessary" for the receiver to complete its work. K.S.A. 17-6808. The powers
of the receiver include "all . . . acts which might be done by the corporation, if in being,
that may be necessary for the final settlement of the unfinished business of the
corporation." K.S.A. 17-6808. Filing AAPLO's 2016 taxes to complete the wind up of the
corporation is squarely within the receiver's powers. At the time of the district court's
order, the final wind up of the corporation was not complete. The district court was not
"beyond the limits of permissible choice under the circumstances" of this case. See Rose,
276 Kan. 539, Syl. ¶ 1.

The district court's decision was made within the applicable legal standards. See
Harrison, 292 Kan. 663, Syl. ¶ 2. Reasonable persons could agree that the receivership
should have been continued on a limited basis so that the receiver could oversee filing of
the 2016 taxes and could be available to take care of any unresolved issue that arose as
the wind up was completed. As such, the district court's decision to deny Brian's motion
to terminate the receivership and to maintain the receivership in a limited fashion through
the filing of the 2016 taxes was not an abuse of discretion.

Indemnity claim

Brian contends that Brad breached the terms of the settlement agreement by
making a claim against the receivership for indemnity in the Consolver II lawsuit. On
appeal, Brian asks us for an order prohibiting Brad from making additional claims against
the receivership. Because Brian appeals only from the district court's decision to deny his
motion to terminate the receivership, we lack jurisdiction to consider the indemnity issue
he now raises. See State v. Herman, 50 Kan. App. 2d 316, 327, 324 P.3d 1134 (2014)
12
("An appellate court may not properly exercise jurisdiction over an appeal that has not
been taken in conformity with that statutory grant."). As we stated in our order dated June
16, 2016: "This appeal is limited to the question of whether the district court erred by
refusing to wind up the receivership. Under K.S.A. 2015 Supp. 60-2102(a)(3), this is the
only statutory jurisdiction which exists."

Affirmed.