State v. Mears (Supreme Court)

1



IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF KANSAS

No. 115,278

STATE OF KANSAS,
Appellee,

v.

DAVID SHELDON MEARS,
Appellant.


SYLLABUS BY THE COURT

A prior municipal court conviction for driving under the influence (DUI) under a
Wichita ordinance prohibiting operation of a vehicle under certain circumstances, when
the element of "vehicle" is defined more broadly than the "vehicle" element in the state
DUI statute, cannot be used to elevate a later violation of the state statute to a felony.

Review of the judgment of the Court of Appeals in an unpublished opinion filed April 28, 2017.
Appeal from Sedgwick District Court; JEFFREY E. GOERING, judge. Opinion filed August 10, 2018.
Judgment of the Court of Appeals reversing the district court is affirmed. Judgment of the district court is
vacated, and the case is remanded with directions.

C. Ryan Gering, of Hulnick, Stang, Gering & Leavitt, P.A., of Wichita, argued the cause and was
on the briefs for appellant.

Lance J. Gillett, assistant district attorney, argued the cause, and Marc Bennett, district attorney,
and Derek Schmidt, attorney general, were with him on the briefs for appellee.

The opinion of the court was delivered by

2



BEIER, J.: This companion case to State v. Gensler, 308 Kan. ___, ___ P.3d ___
(No. 112,523, this day decided), and State v. Fisher, 308 Kan. ___, ___ P.3d ___ (No.
115,277, this day decided), involves defendant David S. Mears' sentence for driving
under the influence (DUI), which was based on two prior convictions for DUI.

One of Mears' prior DUI convictions was a Wichita Municipal Court conviction.
Mears argues that the Wichita DUI cannot be used to enhance his current state DUI
sentence because the Wichita ordinance prohibits a broader range of conduct than the
Kansas statute. As detailed in our decision in Gensler, we hold that a conviction based on
the ordinance cannot be used to enhance a sentence for a DUI conviction under K.S.A.
2017 Supp. 8-1567. We vacate Mears' sentence and remand this case to the district court
for resentencing.

FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

On September 23, 2014, the State charged Mears with two alternative counts of
felony driving under the influence on October 19, 2013. One of the two predicate DUIs
used to elevate the current case to felony level was an April 13, 2011, conviction in
Wichita Municipal Court for driving under the influence.

The Wichita ordinance governing at the time of Mears' prior DUI read in pertinent
part:

"(a) No person shall operate or attempt to operate any vehicle within the city
while:

(1) The alcohol concentration in the person's blood or breath, as
measured within three hours of the time of operating or attempting to
operate a vehicle is .08 or more;
3




(2) Under the influence of alcohol to a degree that renders the
person incapable of safely driving a vehicle;

(3) The alcohol concentration in the person's blood or breath as
shown by any competent evidence is .08 or more. For the purposes of
this section, 'any competent evidence' includes (1) Alcohol concentration
tests obtained from samples taken three hours or more after the operation
or attempted operation of a vehicle, and (2) readings obtained from a
partial alcohol concentration test on a breath testing machine;

(4) Under the influence of any drug or combination of drugs to a
degree that renders the person incapable of safely driving a vehicle; or

(5) Under the influence of a combination of alcohol and any drug
or drugs to a degree that renders the person incapable of safely driving a
vehicle." Wichita Municipal Ordinance (W.M.O.) 11.38.150.

Mears filed a motion to dismiss the new charges, arguing the Wichita municipal
DUI could not be used as a predicate to establish felony DUI under K.S.A. 2017 Supp. 8-
1567.

After hearing argument on the motion, the district court judge reviewed the
charging document and the disposition sheet from the Wichita DUI. The charging
document showed that Mears had been charged with two alternative DUI counts while
operating a "Ford P/U" on January 8, 2011. The disposition sheet showed that Mears
pleaded no contest to, and was found guilty of, the municipal DUI on April 13, 2011.
Based on these documents, the district judge denied Mears' motion to dismiss.

The case proceeded to a bench trial on stipulated facts, including:

4



"A review of the criminal history of David Mears found he has been convicted of
DUI on at least two prior occasions. The defendant was previously convicted of DUI on
the 28th day of January, 2008, in the City of Bel Aire Municipal Court, case number
07BA0117 (State's exhibit #1 attached). The defendant was previously convicted of DUI
on the 13th day of April, 2011, in the Municipal Court of the City of Wichita, case
number 11DU00012."

At the bench trial, the judge acknowledged Mears' continuing objection to the use of the
Wichita DUI and found "Mr. Mears guilty based on the stipulated facts."

Before sentencing, Mears objected to including the Wichita municipal DUI in his
criminal history score. The district judge overruled the objection, incorporating by
reference his prior rulings on the issue.

On appeal, a Court of Appeals panel held that Mears' 2011 Wichita municipal DUI
conviction could not be considered a past conviction under K.S.A. 2016 Supp. 8-1567(b).
See State v. Mears, No. 115,278, 2017 WL 1534748, at *5-6 (Kan. App. 2017)
(unpublished opinion). The panel vacated Mears' sentence and remanded the case for
resentencing.

The State petitioned this court for review, which we granted.

DISCUSSION

K.S.A. 2017 Supp. 8-1567(i)(1) establishes the criteria for determining whether a
prior DUI conviction may be counted for determining whether a new DUI conviction is a
first, second, third, fourth, or subsequent DUI conviction. Convictions for a "violation of
an ordinance of any city . . . which prohibits the acts that [K.S.A. 8-1567] prohibits" are
counted as prior DUIs.
5




Our decision today in Gensler, 308 Kan. at __, slip op. at 15, holds that a prior
municipal DUI conviction under the version of W.M.O. 11.38.150 in effect at the time of
Mears' conviction does not count as a prior DUI under K.S.A. 2017 Supp. 8-1567(i)(1),
because the ordinance defines "vehicle" more broadly than the state statute and therefore
prohibits a broader range of conduct. The broader definition means that the Wichita
ordinance does not prohibit the acts that K.S.A. 2017 Supp. 8-1567 prohibits.

Gensler dictates the outcome of this case and compels a decision in Mears' favor.
Mears' 2011 Wichita municipal DUI cannot be used for sentencing purposes for his
current DUI prosecuted under K.S.A. 2017 Supp. 8-1567.

CONCLUSION

We affirm the Court of Appeals decision vacating Mears' sentence and remand the
case for resentencing.

* * *

STEGALL, J., dissenting: For the reasons set forth in my dissent in State v.
Gensler, 308 Kan. __, __ P.3d __ (No. 112,523, this day decided), I dissent.