State v. Jones

1

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF KANSAS

No. 103,816

STATE OF KANSAS,
Appellee,

v.

CHARLES JONES,
Appellant.


SYLLABUS BY THE COURT

1.
A district court may dismiss a motion to correct an illegal sentence without a
hearing or appointment of counsel if the district court determines the motion, files, and
records of the case conclusively show the defendant is not entitled to relief.

2.
An appellate court applies a de novo standard of review to a district court's
summary denial of a motion to correct an illegal sentence under K.S.A. 22-3504.

3.
K.S.A. 22-3504 only applies if a sentence is illegal. The question of whether a
sentence is illegal is a question of law over which this court has unlimited review. An
illegal sentence is a sentence imposed by a court without jurisdiction, a sentence which
does not conform to the statutory provision, either in character or the term of the
punishment authorized, or a sentence which is ambiguous with regard to the time and
manner in which it is to be served.



2

4.
A hearing to waive juvenile jurisdiction is not adjudicatory, and Kent v. United
States, 383 U.S. 541, 86 S. Ct. 1045, 16 L. Ed. 2d 84 (1966), defines the due process
rights related to the procedure.

Appeal from Wyandotte District Court; JOHN J. MCNALLY, judge. Opinion filed August 12,
2011. Affirmed.

Charles L. Jones, appellant pro se, was on the briefs for appellant.

Christopher L. Schneider, assistant district attorney, Jerome A. Gorman, district attorney, and
Steve Six, attorney general, were on the brief for appellee.

The opinion of the court was delivered by

LUCKERT, J.: Charles Jones appeals from the district court's summary denial of his
motion to correct an illegal sentence. Jones, who was 16 years of age in 1998 when he
was charged with first-degree murder and aggravated burglary, argued in his motion that
the district court did not have jurisdiction to sentence him as an adult because the State
and the district court did not comply with statutory and constitutional requirements
regarding notice to him and his parents. The district court, citing to K.S.A. 60-1507,
summarily denied the motion. We affirm, concluding the motion conclusively shows
Jones has not established a basis for determining his sentence is illegal.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

The district court certified Jones to stand trial as an adult on the charge of first-
degree murder for the July 21, 1998, shooting death of Robert Trzok. See State v. Jones,
273 Kan. 756, 757, 47 P.3d 783, cert. denied 537 U.S. 980 (2002) (Jones I). In February
2000, a jury convicted Jones of the charge, and the district court sentenced Jones to life in
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prison with no chance of parole for 25 years. Jones directly appealed, alleging (1) the
State violated his due process rights by failing to provide his mother with notice of its
motion to prosecute him as an adult as required by K.S.A. 1998 Supp. 38-1636(c)
(repealed L. 2006, ch. 169, sec. 140); (2) the district court erred in waiving him to adult
prosecution; (3) the district court improperly limited his cross-examination of his
accomplice; and (4) the prosecutor committed misconduct during closing argument. This
court rejected these arguments and affirmed Jones' conviction and sentence. Jones I, 273
Kan. at 758.

Jones brought a second attack on the proceeding to certify him as an adult when,
on July 9, 2004, he filed a pro se K.S.A. 60-1507 motion alleging ineffective assistance
of counsel at his juvenile waiver hearing. The district court appointed counsel to
represent Jones, conducted an evidentiary hearing on the K.S.A. 60-1507 motion, and
denied Jones relief. On appeal, the Court of Appeals determined that counsel's
performance at the waiver hearing was deficient because counsel did not present any
evidence to rebut the presumption in K.S.A. 1998 Supp. 38-1636(a)(2) that Jones should
be tried as an adult. Jones v. State, No. 99,370, 2009 WL 863106, at *4 (Kan. App. 2009)
(unpublished opinion), rev. denied 289 Kan. 1279 (2010) (Jones II). Nevertheless, the
Court of Appeals ruled that Jones was not prejudiced by counsel's performance because
the factors weighing in favor of certifying Jones as an adult were so strong there was no
reasonable probability that any evidence defense counsel could have presented would
have been successful. Jones II, 2009 WL 863106, at *4. In addition, "Jones claim[ed] that
his due process rights under the United States Constitution were violated because he was
not appointed counsel before signing the waiver of extradition and his parents were not
notified of his detention even though he was a juvenile." (Emphasis added.) Jones II,
2009 WL 863106, at *1. The Court of Appeals rejected Jones' arguments, concluding that
even if it accepted that there were irregularities in the proceedings, they did "not alter this
court's jurisdiction." Jones II, 2009 WL 863106, at *2.

4

Approximately 3 months after the Court of Appeals' decision denying him relief,
Jones filed the motion to correct an illegal sentence that is the subject of this appeal.
Jones mainly argued that the juvenile waiver proceedings were defective because: (1)
The complaint in his case did not comply with K.S.A. 1998 Supp. 38-1622 (repealed L.
2006, ch. 169, sec. 140) because it did not contain his parents' names and addresses and,
thus, they were not provided with notice of the charges, Jones' right to counsel, or the
waiver hearing; (2) the State failed to comply with K.S.A. 38-1625(b) (Furse 1993)
(repealed L. 2006, ch. 169, sec. 140) when it failed to serve a copy of the complaint on
Jones and his parents at the detention hearing; and (3) the district court did not comply
with In re Gault, 387 U.S. 1, 87 S. Ct. 1428, 18 L. Ed. 2d 527 (1967).

Without holding a hearing, the district court denied Jones' motion in a letter
decision, stating:

"Defendant's issue of the sufficiency of the juvenile waiver proceeding was raised and
denied on direct appeal and also in his action pursuant to K.S.A. 60-1507, which was
appealed and affirmed in March of this year. Clearly, K.S.A. 60-1507 states: 'The
sentencing court shall not be required to entertain a second or successive motion for
similar relief on behalf of the same prisoner.' Defendant's motion is therefore denied."

Jones appealed, arguing the district court erred because (1) K.S.A. 60-1507 does
not apply to his motion to correct an illegal sentence, which was filed pursuant to K.S.A.
22-3504, and (2) his motion is not a successive motion seeking similar relief because,
although he has previously complained about the lack of notice to his parents in the
juvenile proceedings, he has not specifically complained of a failure to comply with
K.S.A. 1998 Supp. 38-1622 or K.S.A. 38-1625(b) (Furse 1993).



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SUMMARY DISMISSAL

In making his first argument that K.S.A. 60-1507 does not apply to his motion to
correct an illegal sentence, which was filed pursuant to K.S.A. 22-3504, Jones fails to
recognize that this court has directed district courts that are considering a motion to
correct an illegal sentence filed more than 10 days after sentencing to conduct a
preliminary review of the motion comparable to that conducted under the provisions of
K.S.A. 60-1507. See, e.g., State v. Duke, 263 Kan. 193, 194-96, 946 P.2d 1375 (1997)
(upholding summary dismissal of motion to correct illegal sentence, based on K.S.A. 60-
1507 provision imposing duty on a district court to conduct a preliminary examination to
determine if motion raises substantial issues of law or fact); State v. Nunn, 247 Kan. 576,
584-85, 802 P.2d 547 (1990) (upholding district court's decision not to appoint counsel to
represent movant on motion for new trial, based on K.S.A. 60-1507 provision
conditioning appointment of counsel on finding substantial issues of law or fact are
presented). Based on that preliminary review, the district court may dismiss a motion to
correct an illegal sentence "'without a hearing or appointment of counsel if the district
court determines the motion, files, and records of the case conclusively show the
defendant is not entitled to relief.'" State v. Howard, 287 Kan. 686, 690, 198 P.3d 146
(2008) (quoting State v. Hoge, 283 Kan. 219, 224, 150 P.3d 905 [2007]); accord State v.
Pennington, 288 Kan. 599, 601, 205 P.3d 741 (2009).

Here, the district court summarily denied Jones' motion. Under such
circumstances, our review is de novo. Like the district court, we must determine whether
Jones' motion, records, and files conclusively show that he is entitled to no relief. See
Howard, 287 Kan. at 691.

6

NOT AN ILLEGAL SENTENCE

While the district court determined that the motion was successive, a point that
Jones disputes, there is a more fundamental problem with Jones' motion: K.S.A. 22-3504
is not an appropriate vehicle for addressing the issues that Jones has raised.

"K.S.A. 22-3504 only applies if a sentence is illegal. The question of whether a
sentence is illegal is a question of law over which this court has unlimited review. An
illegal sentence is a sentence imposed by a court without jurisdiction, a sentence which
does not conform to the statutory provision, either in character or the term of the
punishment authorized, or a sentence which is ambiguous with regard to the time and
manner in which it is to be served." State v. Deal, 286 Kan. 528, Syl. ¶ 1, 186 P.3d 735
(2008).

Jones has recognized the grounds for a motion to correct an illegal sentence are
limited and has argued the district court lacked jurisdiction to convict and sentence him
as an adult because of the State's and district court's failure to comply with various notice
provisions that applied to the juvenile proceedings and the hearing regarding waiver of
juvenile jurisdiction. The record substantiates the accuracy of Jones' factual arguments:
The complaint did not contain his parents' names and addresses, and the State failed to
serve a copy of the complaint on Jones' parents at the detention hearing. Nevertheless,
Jones' argument still fails because these procedural defects did not deprive the district
court of jurisdiction to impose a sentence.

Jones' argument is essentially that (a) the failure to comply with the due process
requirements of In re Gault, 387 U.S. 1, deprives a district court of jurisdiction, (b) the
State and district court failed to comply with In re Gault's requirements, and (c) the
district court, therefore, lacked jurisdiction. The problem with this argument is that In re
Gault does not govern the detention hearing and other juvenile proceedings about which
Jones complains. See Jones I, 273 Kan. at 764-67.
7


In Jones I, we explained that In re Gault addressed the due process requirements
related to a juvenile hearing on the merits. Under the state procedure at issue in In re
Gault, a determination on the merits was a determination as to "delinquency"; in Kansas,
a determination on the merits is a determination whether the respondent is a juvenile
offender. Jones' juvenile proceedings had not reached that point and never reached that
point because juvenile jurisdiction was waived and the final determination of the merits
of the State's complaint was reached in the criminal proceeding where Jones was
prosecuted as an adult.

Consequently, we concluded in Jones I that In re Gault did not control the
analysis. Rather, we noted the analysis was controlled by Kent v. United States, 383 U.S.
541, 86 S. Ct. 1045, 16 L. Ed. 2d 84 (1966), in which the United States Supreme Court
discussed the due process requirements related to a proceeding to waive juvenile
jurisdiction. See Jones I, 273 Kan. at 764-67. The Kent Court held the basic due process
requirements of a waiver proceeding are a hearing, effective assistance of counsel, and a
statement of the basis for the waiver. Kent, 383 U.S. at 557, 561-62.

In the Jones I decision, we then turned to State v. Muhammad, 237 Kan. 850, 703
P.2d 835 (1985), which had synthesized Kent and In re Gault. In Muhammad, the
juvenile, who had not appeared at the waiver hearing because she had been arrested the
morning of the hearing as the result of mistaken identity, argued she had been deprived of
due process when the district court waived juvenile jurisdiction without her being
present. This court rejected Muhammad's due process argument because a waiver hearing
is not adjudicatory in nature. Muhammad, 237 Kan. at 856. Although not discussed in the
opinion, Muhammad could not have been served with a copy of the complaint at a
hearing she did not attend and, like Jones, she was deprived of the notice required by
Kansas statute. Yet, the Muhammad court found the district court did not err in
proceeding with the waiver hearing.
8


Relying on the Muhammad holding, in Jones I we first noted that "the hearing was
not adjudicatory but dispositional. While a substantial right was involved, the hearing did
not result in the determination of guilt or confinement." Jones I, 273 Kan. at 766. We
then held: "As the discussion of Gault in Muhammad shows, Jones was afforded the
necessary protections of due process when he was present and represented by counsel at
all critical stages of the proceedings." Jones I, 273 Kan. at 767.

The State argues this analysis disposes of all aspects of Jones' due process
argument relating to defects in the juvenile proceeding and the waiver of juvenile
jurisdiction. Jones responds by arguing that In re Gault requires a different outcome than
we reached in Jones I. Obviously, this argument ignores the preclusive effect of our
holding in Jones I. It also fails to recognize the distinction between the holding in In re
Gault and the holding in Kent as recognized in both Muhammad and Jones I. In sum,
Jones' argument lacks legal merit because In re Gault does not apply to the stage of the
proceedings about which Jones complains. Rather, Kent controls and defines Jones' due
process rights in the juvenile waiver proceeding.

Jones has not established a due process violation that would have deprived the
district court of jurisdiction. Consequently, there is no basis for finding that he received
an illegal sentence, and the district court did not err in denying Jones' motion.

Affirmed.

HILL, J., assigned.
1

1
REPORTER'S NOTE: Judge Stephen D. Hill, of the Kansas Court of Appeals, was
appointed to hear case No. 103,816 pursuant to the authority vested in the Supreme Court
by K.S.A. 20-3002(c) to fill a vacancy on the court created by the retirement of Chief
Justice Davis.