In re Baker

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IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF KANSAS

No. 108,206

In the Matter of DOUGLAS LEE BAKER,
Respondent.

ORIGINAL PROCEEDING IN DISCIPLINE


Original proceeding in discipline. Opinion filed February 15, 2013. Disbarment.

Alexander M. Walczak, Deputy Disciplinary Administrator, argued the cause and was on the brief
for the petitioner.

Joseph R. Colantuono, of Colantuono Bjerg Guinn, LLC, of Overland Park, argued the cause, and
Douglas Lee Baker, respondent, argued the cause pro se.

Per Curiam: This is a contested original proceeding in discipline filed by the
office of the Disciplinary Administrator against the respondent, Douglas Lee Baker of
Lawrence, an attorney admitted to the practice of law in Kansas in 1975.

On December 15, 2011, the office of the Disciplinary Administrator filed a formal
complaint against the respondent alleging violations of the Kansas Rules of Professional
Conduct (KRPC). The respondent filed an answer on January 9, 2012. On March 28,
2012, a hearing was held on the complaint before a panel of the Kansas Board for
Discipline of Attorneys, where the respondent was personally present and was
represented by counsel. The hearing panel determined that the respondent violated KRPC
4.1 (2012 Kan. Ct. R. Annot. 605) (truthfulness in statements to others); KRPC 8.4(c)
(2012 Kan. Ct. R. Annot. 643) (engage in conduct involving dishonesty, fraud, deceit or
misrepresentation); and KRPC 8.4(g) (engaging in any other conduct that adversely
reflects on the lawyer's fitness to practice law). The respondent stipulated to the factual
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allegations as set forth in the complaint and also stipulated to having violated KRPC 4.1,
KRPC 8.4(c), and KRPC 8.4(g).

After the hearing's conclusion, the panel made the following findings of fact,
conclusions of law, and recommendation to the court:

"FINDINGS OF FACT

. . . .

"7. . . . The Kansas Supreme Court admitted the Respondent to the practice
of law on September 12, 1975. Later, in September, 1997, the Idaho Supreme Court
admitted the Respondent to the practice of law. After returning to live in Kansas, the
Respondent transferred his Idaho license to inactive status.

"8. In 1992, the Respondent began acquiring gold mining claims for mining
operations in Idaho. At a later time, he also acquired mining claims in Arizona.

"9. On February 20, 2001, the Respondent formed and organized Arizona
Idaho Mining, LLC ('AZID') as an Idaho limited liability company. The Respondent
named himself managing member of AZID. AZID was purportedly formed to engage in
the exploration, development, and production of gold and other precious metals,
primarily in the states of Arizona and Idaho by acquiring interests in Custer Mining, LLC
and Western Metallurgical Company, LLC ('Western').

"10. That same day, February 20, 2001, the Respondent formed and organized
Custer Mining, LLC ('Custer') as an Idaho limited liability company. Western
Metallurgical did not exist in February, 2001. [Footnote 1: On July 25, 2001, the
Respondent formed and organized Western Metallurgical Company, LLC ('Western') as a
Nevada limited liability company. Western was formed to conduct a mining operation on
85 acres in Arizona.]

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"11. The Respondent prepared a securities offering document by AZID, also
dated February 20, 2001. The offering document stated, 'the managing member [of
AZID] is accountable to the Members as a fiduciary and must act with integrity and good
faith to promote the Members' interests.'

"12. The Respondent also prepared a stock ownership document. The
Respondent provided a copy of the offering document and the stock ownership document
to prospective investors to explain the terms of an investment in AZID.

"13. The Respondent offered and sold membership interests in AZID to 36
investors, in six states, raising approximately $2.6 million. As the managing member, the
Respondent had access to and control of AZID's funds from its inception until it became
insolvent.

"14. Investors received no return on their investment in AZID, including no
dividends, interest, or return of principal. The Respondent spent all of the AZID's
investors' investment monies.

"15. In the offering document and the stock ownership document, as well as
during oral conversations, the Respondent made written and oral representations to
prospective AZID investors to explain the terms of an investment in AZID. The
representations made by the Respondent included material misrepresentations.
Additionally, the Respondent failed to provide prospective AZID investors with material
information.

"Material Misrepresentations

"16. Safety Net. The Respondent stated that Adair Creek Mine was a safety
net and would virtually eliminate the risk of loss to the investors. The Respondent stated
that the Adair Creek claims were 'already a proven entity.' However, at the time the
Respondent made that statement, the Respondent knew that Adair Creek Mine had never
been profitable.

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"17. Independent Laboratory Confirmation of Results of Stage One Testing.
The Respondent stated that, as a protection for the investors, the results of the stage one
testing of the Arizona property would be confirmed by an independent laboratory before
additional expenses were incurred. However, the Respondent and AZID failed to have an
independent laboratory confirm the results of the stage one testing before proceeding to
stage two.

"18. Cash Flow Projection for Mining Year 2001. In the offering document,
the cash flow projection for the mining year 2001 on the Adair Creek Claims was based
on a representation that AZID would be processing a minimum of 8,950 cubic yards.
However, the Respondent knew that the Forest Service had authorized AZID to process a
maximum of only 5,400 cubic yards.

"19. Transfer of Stricklans' Interest in Adair Creek Claims. In the offering
document, the Respondent stated that William and Marie Stricklan had transferred their
production interest in the Adair Creek Claims to AZID. However, the Respondent knew
that as of the date of the offering document, the Stricklans had not transferred their
interest. The Stricklans did not transfer their interest in the Adair Creek Claims until
December 14, 2001. The Respondent failed to inform investors who purchased the
membership interest in AZID prior to December 14, 2001, that the Stricklans had not yet
entered into a written agreement for the transfer of their production interest in the Adair
Creek claims to AZID.

"Material Omissions

"20. Deficiency Letter. On May 10, 2001, the Respondent filed the offering
document with the State of Idaho, Department of Finance. On May 18, 2001, Nancy C.
Ax, an examiner/investigator for the Department of Finance, sent a letter to the
Respondent, noting deficiencies in the offering document. Specifically, Ms. Ax stated,
'[i]n order to provide adequate disclosure to investors, additional revision and information
will be required.' In offering and selling investments to prospective investors in AZID
after May 18, 2001, the Respondent failed to inform the prospective investors that the
Department of Finance had issued a deficiency letter.

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"21. Mining History of Arizona Property. The Arizona property was
previously mined by NewCut, Inc. John Allison served as NewCut's plant manager. In
February 1999, NewCut filed for bankruptcy and the mining operation was shut down.
Thereafter, in September, 1999, Al/Far Mining, Inc., owned by Dan Carney, purchased
the mining operating through NewCut's bankruptcy case. Mr. Allison was instrumental in
having Al/Far Mining purchase the Arizona mining operation through NewCut's
bankruptcy case. Additionally, Mr. Allison served as the general manager for Al/Far
Mining. By March, 2000, Al/Far Mining shut down the mining operation on the Arizona
property. On August 1, 2001, the Respondent, as manager of Western Metallurgical
Company, LLC, purchased the Arizona property from Al/Far Mining for $300,000.
Again, Mr. Allison was the general manager of the mining operation of the Arizona
property. Prior to preparing the offering document and the stock ownership document, the
Respondent knew that the Arizona mining operation was not profitable and had shut
down in March, 2000. The Respondent failed to inform prospective investors that the
Arizona mining operation was not profitable and had shut down in March, 2000.

"Idaho

"22. On August 12, 2004, the State of Idaho, Department of Finance,
Securities Bureau, filed a complaint against the Respondent and AZID alleging securities
fraud and misrepresentation. The State of Idaho sought an injunction and restitution.

"23. On October 13, 2005, the Court entered judgment against AZID in the
amount of $1,735,000.00. In the judgment, the Court concluded that AZID violated the
Idaho Securities Act and permanently enjoined AZID from engaging in acts, what would
constitute violations of the Idaho Securities Act. Additionally, the Court prohibited AZID
from selling securities without receiving the prior written consent of the Director of the
Idaho Department of Finance. Finally, the Court ordered AZID to pay a money judgment
in the amount of $1,730,000 and $5,000 in attorneys fees and costs.

"24. On December 7, 2006, the Court granted summary judgment against the
Respondent. In its order, the Court concluded that the Respondent's misrepresentations of
fact constituted material misrepresentations in violation of the Idaho Securities Act.
Additionally, the Court concluded that the Respondent made material omissions of fact in
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violation of the Idaho Securities Act. The Court granted summary judgment to the State
of Idaho and granted the relief that the State of Idaho sought.

"25. On December 18, 2006, the Court entered judgment and a permanent
injunction against the Respondent. Specifically, the Court concluded that the Respondent
violated the Idaho Securities Act by misrepresenting and omitting material facts in
connection with the offer or sale of a security. Further, the Court permanently enjoined
the Respondent from engaging in any acts, practices or courses of business, omissions,
and misrepresentations that would constitute violations of the Idaho Securities Act and
the Uniform Securities Act. Finally, the Court awarded a money judgment against the
Respondent in the total amount of $2,960,000 to include $2,600,000 as restitution to
investors injured by the Respondent's violations of the Idaho Securities Act and $360,000
in penalties.

"26. On January 30, 2007, the State of Idaho registered the foreign judgment
in the District Court of Douglas County, Kansas. At an aid in execution hearing, the
Respondent testified that he has no assets with which to satisfy the judgment. At the time
of the disciplinary hearing, the Respondent has paid a total of $500 toward the judgment.
The Respondent admitted that he will never be able to satisfy the judgment.

"Washington

"27. On March 21, 2005, the State of Washington, Department of Financial
Institutions, Securities Division, filed a statement of charges and notice of intent to enter
an order to cease and desist and to impose fines against the Respondent and AZID. In the
statement of charges, the State of Washington made tentative findings of fact and
conclusions of law.

"28. On May 9, 2005, the Respondent waived his right to an adjudicative
hearing and agreed to cease and desist his actions.

"29. On July 29, 2005, the State of Washington determined that neither the
Respondent nor AZID had the financial ability to pay a fine and entered an agreed order
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that the Respondent and the AZID would cease and desist from offering or selling
securities in the State of Washington.

"CONCLUSIONS OF LAW

"30. Based upon the Respondent's stipulations and the above findings of fact,
the Hearing Panel concludes as a matter of law that the Respondent violated KRPC 4.1,
KRPC 8.4(c), and KRPC 8.4(g), as detailed below.

"31. KRPC 4.1 provides:

'In the course of representing a client a lawyer shall not
knowingly:

(a) make a false statement of material fact or law to a third
person; or

(b) fail to disclose a material fact to a third person when
disclosure is necessary to avoid assisting a criminal or fraudulent act by a
client, unless disclosure is prohibited by or made discretionary under
Rule 1.6.'

In this case, the Respondent founded and organized AZID. In behalf of AZID, the
Respondent solicited investments from 36 separate individuals. In so doing, the
Respondent made material misrepresentations and material omissions. The Respondent
violated KRPC 4.1[a] when he made misrepresentations of material fact. Additionally,
the Respondent violated KRPC 4.1[b] when he made omissions of material fact.
Accordingly, the Hearing Panel concludes that the Respondent repeatedly violated KRPC
4.1.

"32. 'It is professional misconduct for a lawyer to . . . engage in conduct
involving dishonesty, fraud, deceit or misrepresentation.' KRPC 8.4(c). The Respondent
engaged in conduct that involved dishonesty when he made material misrepresentations
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of fact and material omissions of fact. As such, the Hearing Panel concludes that the
Respondent repeatedly violated KRPC 8.4(c).

"33. 'It is professional misconduct for a lawyer to . . . engage in any other
conduct that adversely reflects on the lawyer's fitness to practice law.' KRPC 8.4(g). The
Respondent repeatedly made misrepresentations and repeatedly failed to provide material
information to investors. Engaging in this conduct adversely reflects on the Respondent's
fitness to practice law in Kansas. Thus, the Hearing Panel concludes that the Respondent
violated KRPC 8.4(g).

"AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION
STANDARDS FOR IMPOSING LAWYER SANCTIONS

"34. In making this recommendation for discipline, the Hearing Panel
considered the factors outlined by the American Bar Association in its Standards for
Imposing Lawyer Sanctions (hereinafter 'Standards'). Pursuant to Standard 3, the factors
to be considered are the duty violated, the lawyer's mental state, the potential or actual
injury caused by the lawyer's misconduct, and the existence of aggravating or mitigating
factors.

"35. Duty Violated. The Respondent violated his duty to the public and the
legal profession to maintain his personal integrity.

"36. Mental State. The Respondent knowingly violated his duties.

"37. Injury. As a result of the Respondent's misconduct, the Respondent
caused actual, serious financial injury to the investors and the Respondent caused actual,
serious injury to the legal profession.

"38. Aggravating or Mitigating Factors. Aggravating circumstances are any
considerations or factors that may justify an increase in the degree of discipline to be
imposed. In reaching its recommendation for discipline, the Hearing Panel, in this case,
found the following aggravating factors present:

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"39. Dishonest or Selfish Motive. The Respondent's misconduct was
motivated by dishonesty and selfishness. As the managing member, the Respondent had
access and control over the $2.6 million invested by the investors. The Respondent
wrongfully used some of the investors' money for his personal benefit, rather than for
reasons related to the purposes of the investments. The Respondent spent the money. The
Hearing Panel concludes that the misconduct in this case was clearly motivated by
dishonesty and selfishness.

"40. A Pattern of Misconduct. The Respondent sought and obtained
investments from 36 separate investors. The Respondent engaged in a pattern of
misconduct when he repeatedly made misrepresentations to the investors and when he
repeatedly failed to inform the investors of material facts. Therefore, the Hearing Panel
concludes that the Respondent engaged in a pattern of misconduct.

"41. Substantial Experience in the Practice of Law. The Kansas Supreme
Court admitted the Respondent to the practice of law in the State of Kansas in 1975. At
the time of the misconduct, the Respondent had been practicing law for approximately 25
years. Accordingly, the Hearing Panel concludes that the Respondent has substantial
experience in the practice of law.

"42. Indifference to Making Restitution. In February, 2012, and March, 2012,
the Respondent made two payments of $250, for a total payment of restitution of $500 on
a judgment that includes restitution in excess of $2,600,000. The Hearing Panel
concludes that failing to make significant payments on the judgment evidences the
Respondent's indifference to making restitution.

"43. Mitigating circumstances are any considerations or factors that may
justify a reduction in the degree of discipline to be imposed. In reaching its
recommendation for discipline, the Hearing Panel, in this case, found the following
mitigating circumstances present:

"44. Absence of a Prior Disciplinary Record. The Respondent has not
previously been disciplined. The Hearing Panel concludes that the Respondent's lack of a
disciplinary record is a mitigating factor in this case.
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"45. In addition to the above-cited factors, the Hearing Panel has thoroughly
examined and considered the following Standards:

'5.11 Disbarment is generally appropriate when:
. . . .
(b) a lawyer engages in any other intentional conduct
involving dishonesty, fraud, deceit, or misrepresentation
that seriously adversely reflects on the lawyer's fitness to
practice.

'7.2 Suspension is generally appropriate when a lawyer
knowingly engages in conduct that is a violation of a
duty owed as a professional, and causes injury or
potential injury to a client, the public, or the legal
system.'

"RECOMMENDATION

"46. The Disciplinary Administrator recommended that the Respondent be
suspended for a period of two years.

"47. The Respondent requested that he be placed on probation, pursuant to
Kan. Sup. Ct. R. 211(g). That rule provides:

'(1) If the Respondent intends to request that the Respondent be
placed on probation for violating the Kansas Rules of Professional
Conduct or the Kansas Supreme Court Rules, the Respondent shall
provide each member of the Hearing Panel and the Disciplinary
Administrator with a workable, substantial, and detailed plan of
probation at least ten days prior to the hearing on the Formal Complaint.
The plan of probation must contain adequate safeguards that will protect
the public and ensure the Respondent's full compliance with the
disciplinary rules and orders of the Supreme Court.
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'(2) If the Respondent provides each member of the Hearing
Panel and the Disciplinary Administrator with a plan of probation, the
Respondent shall immediately and prior to the hearing on the Formal
Complaint put the plan of probation into effect by complying with each
of the terms and conditions of the probation plan.

'(3) The Hearing Panel shall not recommend that the Respondent
be placed on probation unless:

(i) the Respondent develops a workable, substantial, and
detailed plan of probation and provides a copy of the proposed
plan of probation to the Disciplinary Administrator and each
member of the Hearing Panel at least ten days prior to the
hearing on the Formal Complaint;

(ii) the Respondent puts the proposed plan of probation
into effect prior to the hearing on the Formal Complaint by
complying with each of the terms and conditions of the probation
plan;

(iii) the misconduct can be corrected by probation; and

(iv) placing the Respondent on probation is in the best
interests of the legal profession and the citizens of the State of
Kansas.'

"48. In support of his request for probation, the Respondent contends the issue
involving his integrity is not related to the practice of law; it is only relevant to his
involvement in business interests. The Respondent further contends that he has 'found his
way back' and is a different person from the one that committed the acts detailed in the
complaint.


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"49. The Respondent's plan of probation is not workable, substantial, and
detailed. Further, the misconduct, in this case, cannot be corrected by probation. Finally,
placing the Respondent on probation is not in the best interests of the legal profession and
the citizens of the State of Kansas. Accordingly, the Hearing Panel does not recommend
that the Court place the Respondent on probation for the violations in this case.

"50. Based upon the findings of fact, conclusions of law, and the Standards
listed above, the Hearing Panel unanimously recommends that the Respondent be
suspended from the practice of law for a period of two years.

"51. Costs are assessed against the Respondent in an amount to be certified by
the Office of the Disciplinary Administrator."

RESPONDENT'S EXCEPTIONS

On June 29, 2012, the respondent filed exceptions to the final hearing report. See
Supreme Court Rule 212(e) (2012 Kan. Ct. R. Annot. 368). In doing so, the respondent
did not take exception to the hearing panel's findings of fact or conclusions of law
pertaining to the violations of KRPC 4.1 (2012 Kan. Ct. R. Annot. 605) (truthfulness in
statements to others); KRPC 8.4(c) (2012 Kan. Ct. R. Annot. 643) (engaging in conduct
involving dishonesty, fraud, deceit or misrepresentation); and KRPC 8.4(g) (engaging in
any other conduct that adversely reflects on lawyer's fitness to practice law), or to the
aggravating factors cited by the hearing panel. As such, those portions of the report are
deemed admitted. Supreme Court Rule 212(c) (2012 Kan. Ct. R. Annot. 369) ("Any part
of the hearing report not specifically excepted to shall be deemed admitted."). As a result,
it is undisputed that the respondent violated the Idaho and Washington securities acts by
misrepresenting and omitting material facts in an offer or sale of a security; he repeated
this act at least 36 times; these acts involved dishonesty, fraud, deceit, or
misrepresentation; he gained control of over $2.6 million of investors' money; he
wrongfully used some of that money for his personal benefit rather than for reasons
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related to the investments; and, at the time of the hearing, he had satisfied only $500 of a
$2.6 million judgment.

The respondent did, however, take exception to the hearing panel's
recommendation of discipline; its conclusion that his plan of probation is not workable,
substantial, and detailed; its conclusion that probation is not an appropriate discipline in
this case; and its legal conclusions regarding three aggravating factors: knowingly
violating his duties, acting with misconduct clearly motivated by dishonesty and
selfishness, and failing to make significant payments on the judgment which evidences an
indifference to making restitution. Instead of the hearing panel's recommendation of a 2-
year suspension, the respondent requests he be granted a 1-year period of probation.

In his brief to this court, the respondent does not advance any arguments
pertaining to the three aggravating factors with which he previously took exception.
Instead, he focuses on the hearing panel's recommendation of suspension and on
mitigating factors which he believes should have swayed the panel to recommend
probation. Because the respondent does not argue the other exceptions that he had raised,
he has abandoned those exceptions. See In re Ireland, 294 Kan. 594, 603, 276 P.3d 762
(2012) (a respondent who does not advance arguments in a brief to this court that support
exceptions to the final hearing report is deemed to have abandoned the exceptions); In re
Johanning, 292 Kan. 477, 486, 254 P.3d 545 (2011) (same).

In the arguments that the respondent does advance, he urges this court to reject the
hearing panel's recommendation for three reasons, which have been reordered for ease of
discussion: (1) The hearing panel erred in its recommendation by disregarding mitigating
factors other than the absence of a prior disciplinary record; (2) the respondent's years of
public service "support approval of the plan of probation"; and (3) the respondent's plan
of probation is "workable, substantial and, detailed" and is appropriate under the
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circumstances pursuant to Supreme Court Rule 211(g) (2012 Kan. Ct. R. Annot. 350)
(requirements of probation).

Before examining these arguments, it is helpful to consider some general
principles regarding this court's consideration of disciplinary proceedings. In disciplinary
cases, this court considers the evidence, the findings of the hearing panel, and the
arguments of the parties and determines whether violations of the KRPC exist, and, if
they do, what discipline should be imposed. Attorney misconduct must be established by
clear and convincing evidence. Ireland, 294 Kan. at 604; In re Foster, 292 Kan. 940, 945,
258 P.3d 375 (2011); see Supreme Court Rule 211(f). Clear and convincing evidence is
"'evidence that causes the factfinder to believe that "the truth of the facts asserted is
highly probable."'" In re Lober, 288 Kan. 498, 505, 204 P.3d 610 (2009) (quoting In re
Dennis, 286 Kan. 708, 725, 188 P.3d 1 [2008]). This court considers the hearing panel's
findings of fact, conclusions of law, and recommendation to be advisory but gives the
final hearing report the same dignity as a special verdict by a jury or the findings of a trial
court. In re Frahm, 291 Kan. 520, 525, 241 P.3d 1010 (2010). Because the panel's
recommendation of discipline is only advisory, that recommendation does "not prevent
the Court from imposing sanctions greater or lesser than those recommended by the panel
or the Disciplinary Administrator." Supreme Court Rule 212(f) (2012 Kan. Ct. R. Annot.
370); see In re Freed, 294 Kan. 655, 661, 279 P.3d 118 (2012); In re Depew, 290 Kan.
1057, 1073, 237 P.3d 24 (2010).

Mitigating Factors

First, the respondent complains that the hearing panel considered only one
mitigating factor—his lack of prior discipline—and failed to consider other mitigating
factors under the American Bar Association Standards for Imposing Lawyer Sanctions
(ABA Standards), such as full and free disclosure (ABA Standard 9.32[e]), character or
reputation (ABA Standard 9.32[g]), and remorse (ABA Standard 9.32[l]). The respondent
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also argues that the limited nature of his current law practice should have been
considered.

The ABA Standards are guidelines to assist courts in selecting appropriate and
uniform discipline, depending upon the facts and the aggravating and mitigating factors
of each case. See In re Keithley, 252 Kan. 1053, 1057, 850 P.2d 227 (1993); In re
Anderson, 247 Kan. 208, 212, 795 P.2d 64 (1990), cert. denied 498 U.S. 1095 (1991).
Neither this court nor the hearing panel is required to cite and discuss every potentially
applicable standard. In re Woodring, 289 Kan. 173, 186, 210 P.3d 120 (2009). In this
case, it is clear from reviewing the panel's final hearing report and the transcript of the
disciplinary hearing that the panel was aware of the facts that the respondent believes
mitigate his misconduct. The hearing panel simply did not give those factors the weight
the respondent believes they deserve. We agree with the hearing panel that in this case
the factors carry such minimal weight they deserved no mention by the panel.

Regarding the respondent's citation to ABA Standard 9.32(e) allowing mitigation
if there is full and free disclosure, under the rules of this court all lawyers are required to
cooperate with the investigatory process and are required to provide information to the
Disciplinary Administrator. See KRPC 8.1 (2012 Kan. Ct. R. Annot. 634) (lawyer in
disciplinary matter shall not knowingly make a false statement of material fact, fail to
disclose a fact necessary to correct a misapprehension, or knowingly fail to respond to a
lawful demand for information). Consequently, to the extent the respondent disclosed
information, he simply did what this court demands of all attorneys. See Woodring, 289
Kan. at 183 (reasonable not to give attorney credit as a mitigating factor for simply doing
what appellate courts expect from licensed attorneys). Additionally, there is reason to
question that disclosure was fully given because the respondent indicated at the
disciplinary hearing that he had no financial means to satisfy the Idaho judgment. Yet, the
respondent had a joint income with his wife in 2009 consisting of approximately
$150,000 and admitted that he used investment scheme money to set up several
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companies, including an investment company for his wife through which she owns rental
properties that generate a monthly income of $8,000 to $10,000.

Likewise, given the respondent's paltry effort at making restitution, we find little
reason to give weight to the respondent's claim of remorse, which can be a mitigating
factor under ABA Standard 9.32(l). The respondent did testify: "I feel bad that they [the
36 investors] lost their money. I mean they were my friends." There is reason to question
the sincerity of that remorse, however, when only $500 of $2.6 million has been repaid.
Also troubling is the respondent's attitude that he is the victim in this matter. This attitude
is reflected in his testimony during a 2010 "Aid in Execution Hearing" in which the
respondent was asked whether he was "willing to make any kind of voluntary payments"
on the Idaho judgment. The respondent replied: "No. I don't have any money. You
understand what this lawsuit did? It absolutely took away my ability to earn money."
Instead of recognizing that the respondent's actions caused his inability to continue to
pursue his business, the respondent points to the enforcement action as the culprit. This
answer and his efforts at restitution weigh heavier than his self-serving statement and
lead us to conclude the respondent's remorse is not genuine.

As to the third mitigating factor, the respondent argues that the hearing panel
should have recognized his character or reputation as a mitigating factor under ABA
Standard 9.32(g). In support of this argument, the respondent contends that "Pastor
Willems, Dan Carney, Mark Nelson and Jim Lord . . . solidly confirmed Respondent's
character and reputation." In contrast to these witnesses, the hearing panel was faced with
evidence that the respondent collected a large sum of money from investors in a venture
involving dishonesty, misrepresentation, and material omissions. It is reasonable to
conclude that this evidence was more persuasive than the opinions of the respondent's
witnesses.

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As a final mitigating factor, the respondent argues the hearing panel should have
considered the limited nature of his current law practice—whiplash injuries and mild
traumatic brain injuries—because there is no risk of a recurrence of the respondent's
misconduct. We find no solace in the limited nature of the respondent's practice. The core
of his misdeeds—misrepresentation and dishonesty—is not unique to securities law. It
can impact all aspects of the practice of law. Even though the respondent contends he has
made profound changes in his business life, has "recovered his moral compass," and "is
no longer driven by his dream of operating a gold mine," the hearing panel justifiably
focused on the respondent's pattern of misconduct in this case, its conclusion that his
actions were motivated by dishonesty and selfishness, and the respondent's seeming
indifference to making restitution.

In summary, this court, like the hearing panel, gives little, if any, weight to the
mitigating factors asserted by the respondent.

Public Service

In addition to the mitigating factors discussed above, the respondent argues that
his years of public service warrant the lighter discipline of probation. Although he
presents this argument as a separate issue, it is, in essence, an extension of the mitigating
factor of character or reputation.

At the disciplinary hearing, the respondent testified to serving as Assistant
Cherokee County Attorney for approximately 6 months after graduating from law school
in 1975. Then, in 1976, he became the City Attorney for Frontenac, Kansas, and held that
position for a period of approximately 4 years, during which he also served in the Kansas
House of Representatives. The respondent then served as the Crawford County Attorney
for approximately 2 years, until he entered the oil business in 1981. Later, after the
respondent got out of the oil business, he entered the gold mining business.
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As noted by the Disciplinary Administrator, other than the respondent's statements
that he held various public service jobs, he does not explain how these jobs or the duties
associated with these jobs relate to his plan of probation. This dated public service does
not give great weight to the respondent's request for probation for acts of misconduct
committed approximately 20 years after the respondent last served in public office.

The Respondent's Plan of Probation

In arguing the third issue, the respondent asserts the hearing panel should have
recommended the plan of probation that he timely submitted as required by Supreme
Court Rule 211(g).

Probation may be granted in limited situations when three requirements have been
met. First, the respondent must develop a workable, substantial, and detailed plan of
probation before the hearing. Next, there must be unique circumstances or the respondent
must demonstrate an exceptional case with persuasive mitigating factors. Finally, the plan
of probation must serve the best interests of both the legal profession and the citizens of
Kansas. In re Anderson, 278 Kan. 512, 516, 101 P.3d 1207 (2004); In re Conwell, 275
Kan. 902, 911, 69 P.3d 589 (2003). The hearing panel concluded that the respondent's
plan did not meet any of these requirements. We agree.

Generally, this court has been wary of granting probation where the underlying
misconduct involves dishonesty. No level of supervision can assure public safety from
misrepresentation or fraud. See Supreme Court Rule 211(g)(1) (2012 Kan. Ct. R. Annot.
351) ("The plan of probation must contain adequate safeguards that will protect the
public and ensure the Respondent's full compliance with the disciplinary rules and orders
of the Supreme Court."); Supreme Court Rule 211(g)(3)(iii) (2012 Kan. Ct. R. Annot.
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352) ("The Hearing Panel shall not recommend . . . probation unless: . . . the misconduct
can be corrected by probation.").

The respondent suggests that accountability can be obtained through several steps.
First, he proposes monthly financial reporting regarding his client trust account and
operating account. Yet, as the Disciplinary Administrator aptly notes, an audit of law firm
accounts in 2001 would not have uncovered the investment scheme that resulted in this
discipline—a scheme that was not accounted for through a law firm. Second, the
respondent proposes he would attend an additional 9 hours of continuing legal education
in law practice management and ethics. However, the respondent's discipline does not
stem from a failure to understand law practice management or the proper handling of a
trust account; it stems from a breach of the core value of honesty, a value that cannot be
taught or rehabilitated in 9 hours of education. Third, the respondent proposes that he
would meet weekly with a spiritual and personal mentor, Pastor Peiter Willems of the
Mustard Seed Church in Lawrence, Kansas. This step, while laudable, does not provide
the type of accountability required for a probation plan to past muster. The record reflects
that Pastor Willems was a friend and spiritual mentor to the respondent during the time
period when the respondent acted deceitfully in his dealings with the 36 investors. Such a
relationship is not sufficient to meet the requirements of Rule 211(g) under the
circumstances of this case. Finally, the respondent proposes supervision by an attorney
who practices in the state of Missouri, where the respondent is not licensed. Even though
the respondent promises that "[h]is practice will be limited to Kansas claims, Kansas
clients," we agree with the panel that such a plan is not workable.

As to the second requirement for a plan of probation to be approved, we do not
accept the respondent's effort to pigeonhole his conduct into the unique circumstances of
a mining venture. The dishonest actions of the respondent were, at least in part, selfishly
motivated, and selfish motivation can manifest itself in all areas of practice.

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Finally, given the nature of the respondent's actions we cannot conclude that
probation would be in the best interests of the legal profession and the citizens of Kansas.
To argue it would be, the respondent cites In re Kershner, 250 Kan. 383, 392, 827 P.2d
1189 (1992), a case in which this court publically censured an attorney following four
felony convictions for violating Kansas securities statutes. The respondent's reliance on
this case is misplaced. Each disciplinary sanction is based on the specific facts and
circumstances of the violations and the aggravating and mitigating circumstances
presented in the case. Because each case is unique, past sanctions provide little guidance.
In re Bishop, 285 Kan. 1097, 1108, 179 P.3d 1096 (2008). That is illustrated by
comparing the court's analysis in Kershner with the facts of this case. There, the court
noted that "Kershner's convictions for violating the securities act were not acts of
violence, dishonesty, or a breach of trust or a serious interference with the administration
of justice. In addition, the district judge determined there were no victims to compensate
because of Kershner's illegal act." Kershner, 250 Kan. at 392. Here, there were acts of
dishonesty, a serious breach of trust, and 36 victims who suffered a total of $2.6 million
in damages.

In summary, we agree with the hearing panel that the plan of probation does not
meet the requirements of Rule 211(g).

Recommended Discipline

We turn, then, to the panel's recommendation that the respondent be suspended
from the practice of law for a period of 2 years.

As already noted, in determining its recommendation of discipline, the hearing
panel cited ABA Standard 5.11 (disbarment) and ABA Standard 7.2 (suspension). In his
brief before this court, the respondent argues that the hearing panel should have
considered other ABA Standards that he argues suggest his discipline does not warrant
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suspension. He cites ABA Standard 5.12, which states suspension is appropriate when a
lawyer knowingly engages in criminal conduct, and ABA Standard 8.2, which states
suspension is appropriate when a lawyer has been reprimanded for the same or similar
misconduct and engages in further acts of misconduct. In essence, he argues that because
he was not convicted of a crime and had not been previously disciplined for the same or
similar conduct, these standards do not apply to him and suspension would be
inappropriate.

We do not agree with the respondent's parsing of ABA Standard 5.12 because
commentary to that standard indicates: "As in the case of disbarment, a suspension can
be imposed even where no criminal charges have been filed against the lawyer." Such
charges may have been warranted in this case. Further, other ABA Standards calling for
suspension or disbarment apply to the facts of this case, including ABA Standard 5.11
and Standard 7.2, which were cited by the hearing panel in the final hearing report. See In
re Thomas, 291 Kan. 443, 454, 241 P.3d 104 (2010); In re Robertson, 256 Kan. 505, 507-
08, 886 P.2d 806 (1994).

ABA Standard 5.11 states that "[d]isbarment is generally appropriate when . . . (b)
a lawyer engages in any other intentional conduct involving dishonesty, fraud, deceit, or
misrepresentation that seriously adversely reflects on the lawyer's fitness to practice."
The facts of this case fall under that standard. The respondent knowingly made
misrepresentations and material omissions involving 36 investors in six states. He raised
approximately $2.6 million and squandered all of the investors' money. The investors
received no return on their investment, including no dividends, interest, or return of
principal. Even though the State of Idaho issued a deficiency letter to the respondent just
8 days after the offering was filed, the respondent failed to act and cure that deficiency. In
making the misrepresentations and in failing to take action to mitigate potential losses,
the respondent acted both personally and as a fiduciary in a corporate capacity, and such
actions seriously adversely reflect on the respondent's fitness to practice law. The facts
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show a pattern of misrepresentation and omissions and a severity of injury so severe that
a majority of this court concludes disbarment is appropriate. A minority of the court
would impose a less severe sanction.

CONCLUSION AND DISCIPLINE

IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED that Douglas Lee Baker be disbarred from the practice
of law in the state of Kansas, effective on the filing of this opinion, in accordance with
Supreme Court Rule 203(a)(1) (2012 Kan. Ct. R. Annot. 294).

IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Douglas Lee Baker comply with Supreme Court
Rule 218 (2012 Kan. Ct. R. Annot. 397), as amended December 1, 2012.

IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the costs of these proceedings be assessed to the
respondent and that this opinion be published in the official Kansas Reports.