Goodell v. Tyson Fresh Meats

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No. 101,4761

NICOLE GOODELL, Appellee, v. TYSON FRESH MEATS, Appellant.

SYLLABUS BY THE COURT

1.
Like a collegial court, the five-member Workers Compensation Board, in order to
reach a majority decision, must have agreement of three members on all determinative
issues of fact and law.

2.
In the instant case, where four members of the Workers Compensation Board
agreed the worker had suffered a compensable injury to the lower back, while one
member dissented from that finding, there was a majority decision that the injury was
compensable.

3.
In the instant case, where two of the four members of the majority found the
scheduled lower leg injury and the nonscheduled lower back injury should be combined
for purposes of determining the whole person permanent impairment and work disability,
and the other two members of the majority disagreed, but the fifth member agreed on this
issue with the first two members, there was a three to two majority on the issue and the
injury was compensable.

4.
An appellate court's review of the Workers Compensation Board's decision in a
workers compensation appeal is limited to questions of law. The nature and extent of a
workers compensation claimant's disability is a question of fact. An appellate court's
review of questions of fact in a workers compensation case is limited to whether the
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Board's findings of fact are supported by substantial competent evidence, which is a
question of law. Substantial evidence in a workers compensation case is evidence that
possesses something of substance and relevant consequence and carries with it fitness to
induce the conclusion that the award is proper, or furnishes a substantial basis of fact
from which the issue can be reasonably resolved. The appellate court reviews the
evidence in the light most favorable to the prevailing party and does not reweigh the
evidence or assess the credibility of the witnesses.

5.
The secondary injury rule provides that when a primary injury under the Workers
Compensation Act is shown to have arisen out of and in the course of employment, every
natural consequence that flows from the injury, including a new and distinct injury, is
compensable if it is a direct and natural result of a primary injury.

6.
K.S.A. 44-510e(a), which provides for compensation for temporary or permanent
partial general disabilities, is analyzed and applied.

7.
The lack of an impairment rating listed in the American Medical Association
Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment does not require a finding of zero
impairment.

Appeal from the Workers Compensation Board. Opinion filed December 31, 2009. Affirmed.

Douglas Greenwald and Gregory D. Worth, of McAnany, Van Cleave & Phillips, P.A., of Kansas
City, for the appellant.

Jeff K. Cooper and Gary M. Peterson, of Topeka, for the appellee.

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Before STANDRIDGE, P.J., PIERRON and BUSER, JJ.

PIERRON, J.: Tyson Fresh Meats, Inc. (Tyson), appeals the decision of the
Workers Compensation (Board) awarding workers compensation benefits to Nicole
Goodell after she sustained a work-related injury at Tyson. Tyson argues that because of
the Board's split decision, a majority of the Board did not agree upon the nature and
extent of Goodell's work disability. Tyson also argues that substantial competent
evidence does not support the Board's finding of a work-related injury to Goodell's lower
back or the computation of wage loss and task loss, the expert physician's opinion was
not based on proper authority, and she did not demonstrate a good-faith effort to find
postinjury employment.

In 2005, Goodell worked in processing and cleaning rib bones at Tyson. The
parties stipulated that she suffered a work-related accident on October 5, 2005, when a
large rolling container of meat tipped over onto her left foot. Tyson authorized treatment
for Goodell with Dr. Dale Garrett. Goodell received conservative treatment including
medications, physical therapy, injections, and limited work restrictions. Dr. Garrett
referred Goodell to Dr. Stan Bowling, an orthopedic surgeon, for a consultation due to
Goodell's continued pain in her left foot. Goodell filed her application for a workers
compensation hearing on March 28, 2006, wherein she complained of injuries to her
bilateral extremities, calves, low back, and all related systems.

Dr. Bowling ultimately performed tarsal tunnel release surgery on Goodell on
October 31, 2006. Dr. Bowling testified that he never provided any treatment to Goodell
for lower back pain and that he was only authorized to treat injuries to her left foot and
"that's what I focused my care on." In an impairment rating report issued on July 2, 2007,
Dr. Bowling opined that Goodell suffered from a permanent partial impairment rating of
10% at the level of her left foot and that she had reached maximum medical improvement
on April 20, 2007.
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Goodell obtained a medical evaluation from Dr. Sergio Delgado after
examinations on June 15, 2006, and September 6, 2007. Dr. Delgado testified that
Goodell complained of pain in her left foot and when she transferred weight to her right
foot, she developed pain in her right foot, both calves, knees, and then later in her lower
back. Dr. Delgado assigned three impairments as a result of Goodell's workplace injury.
First, he assigned a 10% impairment to the left lower extremity for the tarsal tunnel
condition. Second, he added a 2% impairment based on Goodell's complaints of pain in
her right foot. Last, he added another 3% impairment for sacroiliac joint derangement as
a result of Goodell's altered gait. Dr. Delgado opined that the 10% left leg impairment
converted to a 4% whole impairment and the 2% right leg impairment converted to a 1%
whole person impairment; he combined those percentages with the 3% low back
impairment for a total of 8% whole person impairment. Dr. Delgado testified that the
entire 8% impairment was causally attributable to the workplace injury. He entered
permanent restrictions of "avoidance of prolonged standing, sitting, climbing, running or
squatting. With not doing these activities on a consecutive basis for more than two hours
at a time with periods of rest of up to one hour in between."

After the parties could not agree on a functional impairment rating, the
Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) ordered an independent medical examination by Dr.
Peter Bieri. Dr. Bieri evaluated Goodell on November 26, 2007, and agreed that Goodell
suffered a 10% left foot impairment attributable to the injury at Tyson. However, Dr.
Bieri concluded, "While the claimant has subjective complaints involving the low back,
hips, and right foot, at the time of this evaluation she fails to meet the criteria for
additional permanent impairment directly attributable to the injury in question." Dr. Bieri
gave Goodell the following restrictions:

"[C]laimant is precluded from squatting, kneeling, crouching, and crawling . . . .
Sustained ambulation and weight-bearing should be limited to no more than 300 feet at a
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time on level surfaces, with avoidance of climbing or descending ladders of more than
three steps. Sustained weight-bearing activities should be limited to no more than two
hours at a time, with 30 minutes for postural adjustment."

The ALJ found that Goodell had never been treated for injuries to her back, and
the independent medical examiner, Dr. Bieri, found there was insufficient basis for
finding a permanent impairment in her back and right foot as the result of her subjective
complaints. The ALJ held that the definition of "permanent impairment" excludes body
parts which have not been evaluated for the need for medical treatment and implies
assessment and treatment have been provided to the body parts affected. The ALJ
awarded a 10% left lower extremity impairment as a result of her injuries for a total
award of $12,033.42.

Goodell appealed her award to the Board. In a severely fractured opinion, the
Board modified the ALJ's award and granted work disability benefits to Goodell based on
compensable injuries to both her left foot and her lower back. Two members writing for
the majority found the injury to Goodell's back was a direct and natural consequence of
her original left foot injury. The Board stated it was not persuaded by the ALJ's
explanation that "any award for permanency requires treatment." Combining the 10%
impairment for the left foot and the 3% impairment for the lower back, the Board arrived
at a 7% impairment to the body as a whole.

The Board also held that because it concluded Goodell had sustained an
unscheduled injury to her lower back and sustained permanent impairment to her back,
she was entitled to benefits based upon an unscheduled impairment under K.S.A. 44-
510e(a). The Board found there was no evidence Goodell had not made a good-faith
effort to find appropriate postinjury employment and even with her move out of town,
there was no evidence that she was attempting to manipulate the workers compensation
system. Consequently, Goodell's actual wage loss was used, leaving her with a 78.5%
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permanent partial general disability and resulting award of $52,528.35 due and owing,
followed by permanent partial disability compensation in the amount of $47,471.65 paid
at the rate of $346.57 per week until fully paid or until further order from the Director.

Two Board members filed a concurring and dissenting opinion. The two members
agreed with the majority's factual findings and its determination that Goodell was entitled
to work disability. However, they disagreed with the majority's conclusion that Goodell's
functional impairment for the scheduled injury in her left foot should be combined with
the functional impairment for her general body injury to her back. The two members
agreed that both the left foot injury and the lower back injury occurred as a direct result
of the work-related accident. However, the foot injury was a scheduled injury and should
be compensated separately. The lower back injury was compensable based on functional
impairment for that injury alone and the restrictions resulting from the left foot injury
should not be included in determining Goodell's wage and task loss.

One Board member filed a dissenting and concurring opinion in support of the
ALJ's limiting Goodell's permanent partial impairment to the left foot but stated that the
calculation of the impairment should be modified to reflect the impairment occurring at
the level of the foot. This Board member also concurred with the award that injuries
involving both a scheduled and nonscheduled injury are to be combined for the purposes
of determining the ultimate functional impairment and work disability.

Tyson appeals.

Tyson argues there was not a majority opinion by the Board regarding the nature
and extent of Goodell's work disability.

The Board's decision is subject to the parameters of K.S.A. 44-555c(k):

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"For purposes of hearing cases, the board may sit together or in panels of two
members or more, designated by the chairperson of the board, except that an appeal from
a preliminary award entered under K.S.A. 44-534a, and amendments thereto, may be
heard by a panel of one member designated by the chairperson. All members of the board
shall determine each matter before the board. All decisions, reviews and determinations
by the board shall be approved in writing by at least three board members. Whenever the
board enters a final order in any proceeding, the board shall make written findings of fact
and conclusions of law forming the basis of the board's determination and final order.
The findings of fact and conclusions of law of the board shall be made a part of the final
order. The board shall mail a copy of the final order of the board to all parties to the
proceeding within three days following the issuance of the final order."

Whether the Board entered a majority opinion under K.S.A. 44-555c(k) is a
question of statutory interpretation over which we have unlimited review. See Foulk v.
Colonial Terrace, 20 Kan. App. 2d 277, Syl. ¶ 1, 887 P.2d 140 (1994), rev. denied 257
Kan. 1091 (1995).

Similar to the scant authority cited by Tyson, our research has discovered only one
Kansas case discussing the 3-member majority under K.S.A. 44-555c. In Lott-Edwards v.
Americold Corp., 27 Kan. App. 2d 689, 6 P.3d 947 (2000), the insurance company
similarly challenged the plurality decisions of the Board. The extent of the decision by
this court was as follows:

"All five Board members signed the decision. The Board's lead opinion was
signed by two members; a third member concurred except for the holding that the Board
had jurisdiction to apportion liability between Travelers and National Union; a fourth
member concurred as to the apportionment holding but dissented as to the other holdings.
We conclude 'at least three board members' approved each point of law decided and the
Board's final order is consistent with the requirements of K.S.A. 1999 Supp. 44-555c(k).
The Board functions as a quasi-judicial body, and our interpretation of this statute is
consistent with the rule regarding decision-making powers of a collegial court. See State
v. Dowe, 120 Wis. 2d 192, 194, 352 N.W.2d 660 (1984)." 27 Kan. App. 2d at 692.
8


Here, two majority Board members held that Goodell had suffered a compensable
injury to her lower back. Two minority Board members agreed that Goodell suffered a
compensable injury to her lower back. These four members only disagreed with how the
award should be computed. However, the two majority Board members were joined by
the one separate minority Board member in finding that both the scheduled lower leg
injury and the nonscheduled lower back injury should be combined for purposes of
determining Goodell's whole person permanent impairment and work disability. We find
the Board entered a decision where at least three members agreed on all the points of law
entered by the Board and the Board complied with the mandates of K.S.A. 44-555c(k).

Next, Tyson challenges the Board's assessment of work disability for injuries to
Goodell's lower back. Tyson contends the work disability should be limited to a
scheduled injury to Goodell's left foot and the award of disability for Goodell's lower
back should be vacated in its entirety.

Our review of the Board's decision in a workers compensation appeal is limited to
questions of law. Webber v. Automotive Controls Corp., 272 Kan. 700, 704, 35 P.3d 788
(2001). The nature and extent of a workers compensation claimant's disability is a
question of fact. Lott-Edwards, 27 Kan. App. 2d at 695. An appellate court's review of
questions of fact in a workers compensation case is limited to whether the Board's
findings of fact are supported by substantial competent evidence, which is a question of
law. Titterington v. Brooke Insurance, 277 Kan. 888, 894, 89 P.3d 643 (2004).
Substantial evidence in workers compensation cases is evidence that possesses something
of substance and relevant consequence and carries with it fitness to induce the conclusion
that the award is proper, or furnishes a substantial basis of fact from which the issue can
be reasonably resolved. The appellate court reviews the evidence in the light most
favorable to the prevailing party and does not reweigh the evidence or assess the
credibility of the witnesses. Neal v. Hy-Vee, Inc., 277 Kan. 1, 16-17, 81 P.3d 425 (2003).
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Tyson argues the Board's findings of Goodell's lower back injuries are not
supported by substantial competent evidence. First, Tyson states Dr. Bowling had no
memory of complaints by Goodell of lower back pain and his records did not indicate any
such complaints. Consequently, Dr. Bowling did not provide any treatment to Goodell's
lower back. Second, the medical records do not provide evidence that Goodell ever
sought treatment for her lower back injuries. Third, the Board-appointed neutral
physician, Dr. Bieri, concluded, "While the claimant has subjective complaints involving
the low back, hips, and right foot, at the time of this evaluation she fails to meet the
criteria for additional permanent impairment directly attributable to the injury in
question." Fourth, Dr. Delgado did not find any symptoms of sacroiliac derangement at
his initial examination, but granted benefits for sacroiliac derangement over a year later
based solely on Goodell's subjective complaints of lower back pain. Last, Tyson
maintains the ALJ correctly found that a permanent impairment rating could not be
imposed until assessment and treatment of the body part at issue is undertaken.

Goodell was injured on October 5, 2005. In her application for workers
compensation hearing, dated March 28, 2006, Goodell complained of injuries to her
"[b]ilateral lower extremities, calves, low back, and all related systems." It is clear that as
of at least March 28, 2006, Goodell complained of injury or pain in her lower back.
However, Dr. Bowling testified that when he last saw her, she did not complain of pain
other than in her foot. Goodell, on the other hand, testified that she asked Dr. Bowling to
provide treatment on her back. Dr. Bowling agreed that an altered gait would not be out
of the ordinary for someone suffering from a tarsal tunnel injury. However, Dr. Bowling
testified that he never provided any treatment to Goodell for lower back pain and that he
was only authorized to treat injuries to her left foot and that was where he focused his
care. Dr. Bowling performed tarsal tunnel release surgery on Goodell on October 31,
2006.

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Dr. Delgado examined Goodell on June 15, 2006, and September 6, 2007, at her
attorney's request. At the June 2006 examination, Goodell complained of pain in her left
foot and that as she transferred weight to her right foot, she developed pain in her right
foot, both calves, knees, and then later in her lower back. Dr. Delgado described her
lower back as not exhibiting any spasm or guarding, and no evidence of lumbar lordosis.
He said Goodell only had subjective complaints related to her lower back. When Dr.
Delgado saw Goodell in September 2007, it was nearly a year postsurgery and she
exhibited the same pain levels she complained of in June 2006. Dr. Delgado testified that
these symptoms indicated the condition of her back had become chronic and that she
should have been given treatment for her lower back. He opined that the delay in treating
her altered gait allowed the symptoms in her lower back to become chronic.

In awarding disability to Goodell for injuries to her lower back, the Board stated:

"This majority is not persuaded by the ALJ's explanation that any award for permanency
requires treatment. Here, claimant's low back complaints were consistent and
longstanding. As was explained by Drs. Delgado and Bowling, the treating physician, it
is common for a lower extremity injury to lead to an altered gait. And specifically in this
instance, the claimant was experiencing pain while walking and that pain compelled her
to alter her gait, transferring a majority of her weight to her opposing extremity which in
turn caused unusual stress on her sacroilliac [sic]. Even Dr. Bowling conceded he was
retained to treat only her left foot and ankle injury, ignoring her other complaints. Ideally
claimant should have been provided treatment but for whatever reason she was not.
Under these facts and circumstances a majority of the Board finds that claimant's low
back complaints are a direct and natural consequence of her October 5, 2005 accident."

Essentially, Tyson asks us to reweigh the evidence and assess the credibility of
witnesses. As previously noted, we are precluded from doing so. See Graham v. Dokter
Trucking Group, 284 Kan. 547, 553-54, 161 P.3d 695 (2007). Instead, we are confined to
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reviewing this issue using the substantial competent evidence standard. Casco v. Armour
Swift-Eckrich, 283 Kan. 508, 514, 154 P.3d 494 (2007).

The record reveals substantial support for the majority decision of the Board.
Goodell testified she did not have the problems with her back and foot prior to the injury
at issue. Doctors agreed that an altered gait, if left untreated, can cause injury to the
uninjured foot and the back. The secondary injury rule provides "that when a primary
injury under the Workmen's Compensation Act is shown to have arisen out of and in the
course of employment every natural consequence that flows from the injury, including a
new and distinct injury, is compensable if it is a direct and natural result of a primary
injury." Jackson v. Stevens Well Service, 208 Kan. 637, 643, 493 P.2d 264 (1972).

Dr. Delgado testified that it was Goodell's pathology and the nature of her original
injury that caused him to find that she had a permanent injury to her back. Relying on Dr.
Delgado's opinion concerning the injuries to Goodell's lower back, a majority of the
Board found Goodell was entitled to work disability. We conclude substantial competent
evidence existed to support the Board's findings that the September 2005 work-related
accident and the resulting untreated altered gait was the cause for Goodell's 3%
permanent impairment to her back.

Next, Tyson argues the Board erroneously relied on Dr. Delgado's permanent
partial impairment rating of 3% to the body as a whole for Goodell's lower back
condition because the AMA Guides to Evaluation of Permanent Impairment do not
include impairment ratings for this condition.

In determining an injured worker's functional impairment, K.S.A. 44-510e(a)
provides in relevant part:

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"Functional impairment means the extent, expressed as a percentage, of the loss
of a portion of the total physiological capabilities of the human body as established by
competent medical evidence and based on the fourth edition of the American Medical
Association Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment, if the impairment is
contained therein."

An appellate court reviews the trial court's findings of fact to determine if the
findings are supported by substantial competent evidence and are sufficient to support the
trial court's conclusions of law. Substantial evidence is such legal and relevant evidence
as a reasonable person might regard as sufficient to support a conclusion. An appellate
court has unlimited review of conclusions of law. Owen Lumber Co. v. Chartrand, 283
Kan. 911, 915-16, 157 P.3d 1109 (2007).

Dr. Delgado testified that the first time he examined Goodell, she walked with an
altered gait. His opinion was that an "[a]ltered gait can produce symptoms in the opposite
leg, knees, hips and frequently in the back just on the basis of the alteration of normal
walking." When Dr. Delgado evaluated Goodell following her surgery, she complained
of discomfort localized to both sacroiliac joints as compared to generalized discomfort
during Dr. Delgado's first physical evaluation. Dr. Delgado diagnosed Goodell with
sacroiliac derangement:

"Which is the most common finding I see in people with altered gaits. It's not the
lower back but it's the sacroiliac joint that suffers because normally when you walk there
is a rotation that occurs in the leg that does not allow the sacroiliac to be straight. Once
you develop a limp, you develop a stiffness of the involved leg and that limits the normal
motion of sacroiliac and may develop - - most of the complaints I see of altered gaits
would be to the sacroiliac."

Dr. Delgado assigned a 3% whole person impairment for Goodell's sacroiliac
derangement. He acknowledged that the AMA Guides did not contain an impairment
13

rating for sacroiliac derangement, but that the AMA Guides assign a 5% whole person
impairment for injury to the symphysis pubis. Dr. Delgado testified that the "sacroiliac
derangement is not addressed but it can be compared to a symphysis pubis derangement."

The lack of an impairment rating listed in the AMA Guides does not require a
finding of zero impairment. K.S.A. 44-510e(a) specifically contemplates the existence of
impairment ratings not "contained therein." Dr. Delgado testified that "[t]he Guides are
not specific. They are not a bible. They give you parameters in which you can function to
arrive at a reasonable impairment rating using comparisons with other ratings that are
assigned in the book." Dr. Delgado testified that "[i]f she had not had that injury which
was objectively certified through her EMG then I would not even consider assigning
impairment to her right lower extremity or her back." We find Dr. Delgado's testimony
concerning his computation of Goodell's impairment rating for sacroiliac derangement to
be supported by the evidence.

Next, Tyson argues the Board erred in finding Goodell had made a good-faith
effort to find appropriate postaccident employment. Requiring an injured worker to put
forth a good-faith effort to find appropriate postaccident employment was abolished by
the Supreme Court's recent decision of Bergstrom v. Spears Manufacturing Co., 289 Kan.
605, 214 P.3d 676 (2009). The Bergstrom court eliminated the good-faith effort requisite:

"K.S.A. 44-510e(a) contains no requirement that an injured worker make a good-
faith effort to seek postinjury employment to mitigate the employer's liability. Foulk v.
Colonial Terrace, 20 Kan. App. 2d 277, 887 P.2d 140 (1994), rev. denied 257 Kan. 1091
(1995), Copeland v. Johnson Group, Inc., 24 Kan. App. 2d 306, 320, 944 P.2d 179
(1997), and all subsequent cases that have imposed a good-faith effort requirement on
injured workers are disapproved." 289 Kan. 605, Syl. ¶ 3.

The wage loss component of permanent work disability is "the difference between
the average weekly wage the worker was earning at the time of the injury and the average
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weekly wage the worker is earning after the injury." K.S.A. 44-510e(a). Under
Bergstrom, because Goodell was not working at the time of the regular hearing, the
Board did not err in awarding 100% wage loss in calculating her work disability award.

Last, Tyson argues the Board erred in combining Goodell's scheduled left foot
injury with the nonscheduled lower back injury to arrive at a single functional
impairment and a single work disability award. Tyson contends the correct method for
calculating disability benefits in this case would be to apply the scheduled injury to
Goodell's left foot, but apply a separate functional impairment work disability to the
injury in the lower back. Tyson states there was no evidence applying the wage loss and
task loss evidence specifically to the injuries in Goodell's lower back. Tyson argues the
permanent restrictions, job task loss, and wage loss evidence were not differentiated
between the left foot injury and the lower back injury and, therefore, the Board's award
constitutes a windfall to Goodell.

The nature of a work disability dictates the form of the award under the Workers
Compensation Act. K.S.A. 44-510c provides compensation for temporary and permanent
total disabilities. K.S.A. 44-510d and 44-510e provide compensation for permanent
partial disabilities. K.S.A. 44-510d calculates the award based on a schedule of
disabilities. If an injury is on the schedule, the amount of compensation in the schedule
includes compensation for the complete loss of the member or the partial loss of the
member. K.S.A. 44-510d(a)(21). The compensation for a scheduled disability is based on
the schedule alone without regard to the claimant's loss in earning power. Stephenson v.
Sugar Creek Packing, 250 Kan. 768, 771, 830 P.2d 41 (1992). For nonscheduled injuries,
the award is calculated under K.S.A. 44-510e. A claimant with a permanent partial
general disability pursuant to K.S.A. 44-510e is eligible to receive temporary total
disability in addition to the compensation he or she may receive for the permanent partial
disability. K.S.A. 44-510c(c); K.S.A. 44-510e.

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A scheduled injury includes compensation for the complete loss of the scheduled
member and the permanent partial loss of the use of the member. K.S.A. 44-510d(a)(21).
With scheduled injuries, compensation is based on the schedule rather than on the
individual's loss in earning power. Stephenson, 250 Kan. at 771. The Kansas Workers
Compensation Handbook § 10.01, p. 10-1 (4th ed. 1998), states three benefits for finding
unscheduled injuries, calculated under K.S.A. 44-510e: (1) longer weeks of
compensation; (2) no limitation of award to functional impairment; and (3) typically
leads to a larger award.

Tyson argues that we should adopt the decision of the two-member concurring and
dissenting opinion and find that Casco, 283 Kan. 508, requires the scheduled and
nonscheduled injuries to be compensated individually. In Casco, the claimant suffered a
work-related, repetitive-use injury to his left shoulder. Because of the injury and the
restrictions associated with his subsequent surgery and treatment, the claimant used his
right arm to perform his duties upon his return to work, which included repetitive tying,
lifting, and carrying. After several months, the claimant began to experience pain in his
right shoulder and was diagnosed with a possible rotator cuff tear in his right shoulder.
The Board concluded the claimant suffered a new and separate injury to his right
shoulder due to repetitive use and modified the award based on the schedule in K.S.A.
44-510d.

This court reversed and held the Board ignored undisputed medical testimony
regarding causation of the claimant's right shoulder injury. The panel concluded the right
shoulder injury was a natural and probable consequence of the claimant's left shoulder
injury and further held the award should be based on injuries to parallel limbs. See 283
Kan. at 513 (citing Casco v. Armour Swift-Eckrich, 34 Kan. App. 2d 670, 682-83, 128
P.3d 401 [2005]).

16

On petition for review, the employer in Casco raised two issues: whether the
claimant's right shoulder injury was the natural and probable consequence of his left
shoulder injury and whether the claimant should receive compensation for a scheduled
injury. With respect to the first issue, the Casco court relied upon the Board's factual
finding that the claimant was performing repetitive tasks and lifting only with his right
arm because of restrictions that limited the use of his left arm. The court determined that
even though the Board's factual findings were supported by substantial competent
evidence, the Board placed undue emphasis on the claimant's expert's reference to
Casco's work activities rather than his opinion linking the causation of Casco's right
shoulder injury to his left shoulder injury. Thus, the court held the Board had erroneously
concluded the claimant's right shoulder injury was caused by repetitive use. 283 Kan. at
516-18. The Casco court applied the secondary injury rule and found the claimant's right
shoulder injuries and left shoulder injuries constituted a "single injury" for purposes of
calculating the claimant's compensation award. 283 Kan. at 528.

As for the scheduled versus nonscheduled injury issue, the Casco court overruled
the parallel injury rule established in Honn v. Elliott, 132 Kan. 454, 295 P. 719 (1931),
which permitted a claimant to "receive compensation based on a permanent partial
general disability rather than scheduled injuries if the claimant simultaneously injures
parallel members." Casco, 283 Kan. at 523, 527. The court then adopted the analytical
model established in Pruter v. Larned State Hospital, 271 Kan. 865, 26 P.3d 666 (2001),
to calculate the claimant's compensation when the claimant suffers a loss of both eyes,
both hands, both arms, both feet, both legs, or any combination thereof. Casco, 283 Kan.
at 525.

Casco is distinguishable based on its fact pattern of multiple scheduled injuries.
The present case involves scheduled and nonscheduled injuries, and we decline Tyson's
invitation to apply Casco to limit Goodell to compensation for scheduled injuries. The
Board awarded Goodell 10% permanent partial impairment to the left lower extremity
17

and 3% permanent partial impairment to her lower back complaints for a combined total
of 7% to the body as a whole. As we previously stated, these findings are supported by
substantial competent evidence, and contrary to Tyson's arguments, this court will not
reweigh such evidence to find otherwise.

K.S.A. 44-510e covers compensation for permanent partial general disabilities and
thus covers those not included in the 44-510d schedule. K.S.A. 44-510e(a) reads:

"Permanent partial general disability exists when the employee is disabled in a manner
which is partial in character and permanent in quality and which is not covered by the
schedule in K.S.A. 44-510d and amendments thereto. The extent of permanent partial
general disability shall be the extent, expressed as a percentage, to which the employee,
in the opinion of the physician, has lost the ability to perform the work tasks that the
employee performed in any substantial gainful employment during the fifteen-year period
preceding the accident, averaged together with the difference between the average weekly
wage the worker was earning at the time of the injury and the average weekly wage the
worker is earning after the injury."

In this instance, K.S.A. 44-510d only covers Goodell's left lower leg injuries. See
K.S.A. 44-510d(a)(15). Goodell's lower back injury would qualify under K.S.A. 44-510e.
Our courts have held that if the injury is both to a scheduled member and to a
nonscheduled portion of the body, compensation should be awarded under K.S.A. 44-
510e. See Bryant v. Excel Corp., 239 Kan. 688, 689, 722 P.2d 579 (1986); Reese v. Gas
Engineering & Construction Co., 219 Kan. 536, 548 P.2d 746 (1976). Therefore, the
Board did not err in granting Goodell an award for her permanent partial general
disability.

Affirmed.

18

1REPORTER'S NOTE: Previously filed as an unpublished opinion, the Supreme Court
granted a motion to publish pursuant to Rule 7.04 (2009 Kan. Ct. R. Annot. 54). The
published version was filed with the Clerk of the Appellate Courts on June 11, 2010.